miércoles, 21 de febrero de 2018

Conceptos actuales para alinear los implantes de rodilla: ¿específicos del paciente o sistemáticos?

http://www.artroscopiayreemplazos.com.mx/academia/conceptos-actuales-para-alinear-los-implantes-de-rodilla-especificos-del-paciente-o-sistematicos/


Current concepts for aligning knee implants: patient-specific or systematic?


Fuente
Este artículo es publicado originalmente en:

http://www.efortopenreviews.org/content/3/1/1


De:

Rivière, C., Lazic, S., Boughton, O., Wiart, Y., Vïllet, L., & Cobb, J. (2018)Current concepts for aligning knee implants: patient-specific or systematic?EFORT Open Reviews, 3(1)1-6Accessed February 20, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.3.170021.



Todos los derechos reservados para:

Copyright © 2018 THE BRITISH EDITORIAL SOCIETY OF BONE & JOINT SURGERY and EFORT All Rights Reserved.


Abstract
Mechanical or anatomical alignment techniques create a supposedly ‘biomechanically friendly’ but often functionally limited prosthetic knee.
Alternative techniques for alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aim at being more anatomical and patient-specific, aiming to improve functional outcomes after TKA.
The kinematic alignment (KA) technique for TKA has shown good early clinical outcomes. Its role in extreme anatomical variation remains to be defined.
The restricted KA technique for TKA might be a reasonable option for patients with extreme anatomical variation.
While unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has many advantages over TKA, the revision rate remains higher compared with TKA. One major explanation is the relative ease with which a UKA can be converted to a TKA, compared with revising a TKA. This can be considered as an additional advantage of UKA. Another reason is that surgeons favour revising a UKA to a TKA in cases of degeneration of the other femorotibial compartment rather than performing a relatively simple re-operation of the knee by doing an additional UKA (staged bi-UKA).
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:1–6. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170021

Key words
knee arthroplasty, kinematic alignment technique, mechanical alignment technique



Resumen

Las técnicas de alineación mecánica o anatómica crean una rodilla protésica supuestamente “amigable biomecánicamente” pero a menudo funcionalmente limitada.
Las técnicas alternativas para la alineación en la artroplastia total de rodilla (TKA) apuntan a ser más anatómicas y específicas del paciente, con el objetivo de mejorar los resultados funcionales después de la TKA.
La técnica de alineación cinemática (KA) para la TKA ha mostrado buenos resultados clínicos tempranos. Su papel en la variación anatómica extrema aún no se ha definido.
La técnica de KA restringida para TKA podría ser una opción razonable para pacientes con una variación anatómica extrema.
Si bien la artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla (UKA) tiene muchas ventajas sobre la TKA, la tasa de revisión sigue siendo más alta en comparación con la TKA. Una explicación importante es la relativa facilidad con la que una UKA se puede convertir en una TKA, en comparación con la revisión de una TKA. Esto se puede considerar como una ventaja adicional de UKA. Otra razón es que los cirujanos están a favor de revisar una UKA a una TKA en casos de degeneración del otro compartimiento femorotibial en lugar de realizar una operación relativamente simple de la rodilla haciendo una UKA adicional (en escena bi-UKA).
Cita este artículo: EFORT Open Rev 2018; 3: 1-6. DOI: 10.1302 / 2058-5241.3.170021

Palabras clave


artroplastia de rodilla, técnica de alineación cinemática, técnica de alineación mecánica

martes, 20 de febrero de 2018

Retorno al trabajo después de la artroplastia total anatómica del hombro para pacientes de 55 años o menos a un promedio de seguimiento de 5 años.

http://www.mihombroycodo.com.mx/academia/retorno-al-trabajo-despues-de-la-artroplastia-total-anatomica-del-hombro-para-pacientes-de-55-anos-o-menos-a-un-promedio-de-seguimiento-de-5-anos/


Return to Work After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Patients 55 Years and Younger at Average 5-Year Follow-up.


Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29451941

https://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/%7Bd2e50a59-cade-4718-a067-cedeb3892b9e%7D/return-to-work-after-anatomic-total-shoulder-arthroplasty-for-patients-55-years-and-younger-at-average-5-year-follow-up


De:

Liu JNGarcia GHWong ACSinatro AWu HHDines DMWarren RFGulotta LV.

Orthopedics. 2018 Feb 16:1-6. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20180213-08. [Epub ahead of print]


Todos los derechos reservados para:

Copyright 2018, SLACK Incorporated


Abstract

As the number of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties performed on younger patients continues to grow, return to work after surgery becomes increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to return patients 55 years or younger to work postoperatively. A retrospective review was performed of consecutive anatomic total shoulderarthroplasty patients. Inclusion criteria were age 55 years or younger at surgery, greater than 2 years of follow-up, and employment within 3 years of surgery. Employment was stratified by intensity of work (sedentary, light, moderate, or heavy). Return to work status and time out of work were also evaluated. Fifty-two patients worked before surgery. Average age was 48.4 years, with average follow-up of 5.4 years. Seventy-three percent were male, and average body mass index was 28.0 kg/m2. Average visual analog scale score improved from 5.5 to 0.9 (P<.0001) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society score improved from 39.9 to 88.3 (P<.0001). Forty-eight (92%) of 52 returned to work postoperatively after an average of 2.1 months. When stratified by intensity, all patients with sedentary, light, or moderate work returned, whereas 64% returned to heavy work (P<.01). Eighty-seven percent were satisfied to very satisfied after surgery. In summary, most patients (92%) who undergo anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty at 55 years or younger return to work, on average, 2.1 months after surgery.



Resumen:


A medida que el número de artroplastias totales anatómicas del hombro realizadas en pacientes más jóvenes continúa creciendo, el regreso al trabajo después de la cirugía se vuelve cada vez más importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de la artroplastia total anatómica del hombro para devolver a los pacientes de 55 años o menos al trabajo postoperatorio. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes consecutivos anatomopatológicos totales con osteoplastia. Los criterios de inclusión fueron de 55 años o menos en la cirugía, más de 2 años de seguimiento y empleo dentro de los 3 años posteriores a la cirugía. El empleo fue estratificado por la intensidad del trabajo (sedentario, ligero, moderado o pesado). El estado de vuelta al trabajo y el tiempo fuera del trabajo también fueron evaluados. Cincuenta y dos pacientes trabajaron antes de la cirugía. La edad promedio fue de 48.4 años, con un seguimiento promedio de 5.4 años. Setenta y tres por ciento eran hombres, y el índice de masa corporal promedio fue de 28.0 kg / m2. El puntaje de escala analógica visual promedio mejoró de 5.5 a 0.9 (P <.0001) y el puntaje de la Sociedad Americana de Hombro y Codo mejoró de 39.9 a 88.3 (P <.0001). Cuarenta y ocho (92%) de 52 regresaron al trabajo después de la operación después de un promedio de 2.1 meses. Cuando se estratificó por intensidad, todos los pacientes con trabajo sedentario, liviano o moderado regresaron, mientras que el 64% regresaron al trabajo pesado (P <.01). Ochenta y siete por ciento estaban satisfechos o muy satisfechos después de la cirugía. En resumen, la mayoría de los pacientes (92%) que se someten a una artroplastia total anatómica del hombro a los 55 años o más vuelven al trabajo, en promedio, 2,1 meses después de la cirugía.

PMID:  29451941   DOI:   10.3928/01477447-20180213-08

La artrosis de hombro o daño al cartílago de la articulación

http://www.mihombroycodo.com.mx/academia/la-artrosis-de-hombro-o-dano-al-cartilago-de-la-articulacion/

La artrosis de hombro o daño al cartílago de la articulación generalmente se presenta después de los 50 años, pero cada vez hay más casos en personas menores de 40, debido a malas prácticas deportivas.

Si reconoces los síntomas, ingresa a hombroycodo.com.mx/citas para agendar tu consulta de valoración.


domingo, 18 de febrero de 2018

Manejo de defectos anatómicos del Tórax



Conferencia por el Dr.. José Refugio Mora Fol, Cirujano Pediatra con un gran historial, pionero del manejo de defectos anatómicos del Tórax. Describe que es un fenómeno frecuente en USA pero también en México. Afecta mucho la autoestima pero da origen a muchos problemas. restrictivos en órganos intra-torácicos, el mas importante en la función cardiaca. La edad ideal para abordarlos es la adolescencia o pre-adolescencia. El manejo quirúrgico es variado pero los mejores resultados se obtienen con la corrección utilizando las barras de Nuss, sin embargo no deja de tener complicaciones la mas común es el desplazamiento de las barras y lesiones cardiacas

Ciberpeds: http://bit.ly/2g6Teaj
Conapeme: http://bit.ly/2EWJASN
Registro a conferencias OFF Line:


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Dr. Enrique Mendoza López
Webmaster: CONAPEME
Coordinador Nacional: Seminario Ciberpeds-Conapeme
Av La Clinica 2520-310 col Sertoma
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Tel (81) 83482940, (81)81146053
 Cel 0448183094806
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Combo sobre ketamina / Combo on ketamine

Febrero 16, 2018. No. 2996
Special K sin licencia para matar: sobredosis accidental de ketamina en la inducción de anestesia general.
Special K with No License to Kill: Accidental Ketamine Overdose on Induction of General Anesthesia.
Am J Case Rep. 2018 Jan 3;19:10-12.
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Ketamine is used as an induction and sedation agent in emergency departments and operating rooms throughout the country. Despite its widespread clinical use, there are few cases of significant morbidity and mortality attributed to ketamine overdose in the clinical setting. CASE REPORT; The anesthesia provider in the room was an oral maxillofacial surgeon who inadvertently took out a more highly concentrated bottle of ketamine that is typically used for pediatric patients. The patient received 950 mg (100 mg/ml concentration) of intravenous ketamine instead of the intended 95 mg (10 mg/ml concentration). After the ketamine was given, there were no signs to any involved provider that a mistake had occurred until the wake-up appeared to be unusually prolonged. CONCLUSIONS; Despite this, the patient did not demonstrate any systemic effects such as hemodynamic or CNS perturbations other than prolonged awakening. This case highlights one (drug overdose) of many causes of delayed emergence from anesthesia and reminds the provider caring for the patient to be mindful of drug concentrations used when preparing to sedate a patient, as relying on effects of the parent drug is not always adequate.
Experiencia en el uso de ketamina para controlar la abstinencia de opiáceos en una mujer adicta: informe de un caso.
Experience of the use of Ketamine to manage opioid withdrawal in an addicted woman: a case report.
BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 10;16(1):395.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Opioids are good painkillers, but many patients treated with opioids as painkillers developed a secondary addiction. These patients need to stop misusing opioids, but the mild-to-severe clinical symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal risk increasing their existing pain. In such cases, ketamine, which is used by anaesthetists and pain physicians to reduce opioid medication, may be an effective agent for managing opioid withdrawal. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a woman who developed a severe secondary addiction to opioids in the context of lombo-sciatic pain. She presented a severe opioid addiction, and her physicians refused to prescribe such high doses of opioid treatment (oxycontin® extended-release 120 mg daily, oxycodone 60 mg daily, and acetaminophen/codeine 300 mg/25 mg 6 times per day). To assist her with her opioid withdrawal which risked increasing her existing pain, she received 1 mg/kg ketamine oral solution, and two days after ketamine initiation her opioid treatment was gradually reduced. The patient dramatically reduced the dosage of opioid painkillers and ketamine was withdrawn without any withdrawal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Ketamine displays many interesting qualities for dealing with all symptoms relating to opioid withdrawal. Accordingly, it could be used instead of many psychotropic treatments, which interact with each other, to help with opioid withdrawal. However, the literature describes addiction to ketamine. All in all, although potentially addictive, ketamine could be a good candidate for the pharmacological management of opioid withdrawal.
KEYWORDS: Ketamine; Opioid addiction; Opioid withdrawal; Painkillers
Tratamiento exitoso del prurito asociado al nevo epidérmico con ketamina-amitriptilina-lidocaína tópicas.
Successful Treatment of Epidermal Nevus-associated Pruritus with Topical Ketamine-Amitriptyline-Lidocaine.
Acta Derm Venereol. 2018 Jan 12;98(1):121-122. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2811.
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare, linear, unilateral, pruritic eruption that usually presents during childhood. It is more commonly seen on an extremity, although cases on the head and neck area have been reported in the past (1). It is considered a variant of keratinocytic epidermal nevus; however, it has a significant histological similarity with psoriasis. Patients who have this condition usually complain of intense pruritus (2). Treatments that are regularly effective in psoriasis have shown low efficacy on the management of these lesions, as well as their related symptoms (3). We present here a case of successful treatment of pruritus associated with an epidermal nevus with the use of topical Ketamine 10% - Amitriptyline 5% - Lidocaine 5% in lipoderm base (TKAL). The preparation is widely used in the US for nociceptive pain and is prepared by a compounding pharmacy. All ingredients are FDA approved
Combinación de ketamina/bupivacaína tópica versus caudal para la analgesia postoperatoria en niños sometidos a herniotomía inguinal.
Topical versus caudal ketamine/bupivacaine combination for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy.
Saudi J Anaesth. 2017 Jan-Mar;11(1):41-48. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.197338.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple studies claim that caudal administration of ketamine causes effective postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of ketamine after caudal or topical administration in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized, comparative, double-blind study included eighty children (aged 6 months to 6 years) received either 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine/ketamine 0.5 mg/kg for caudal analgesia (caudal group) or 0.3 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine/ketamine 0.5 mg/kg sprayed by the surgeon around the spermatic cord and upon the ilioinguinal nerve before wound closure for topical analgesia (topicalgroup). The duration of postoperative analgesia, pain scores, rescue analgesic consumption, sedation score, hemodynamic monitoring, and side-effects were evaluated 48 h postoperative. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of analgesia free time demonstrated a significant advantage of topical ketamine (TK) group over caudal ketamine (CK) group. The duration of postoperative analgesia was longer in TK group than in CK group (28.74 ± 2.88 vs. 21.43 ± 5.01 h, P = 0.000). Fewer children asked for oral analgesics in the topical group (24 of 36, 66.7%) than in the caudal one (28 of 32, 87.5%; P < 0.01). Postoperative pain scores at the 6th till 48th h were lower in topical group with comparable analgesic consumption between two groups. In the caudal group, four subjects suffered from retention of urine: Two presented with a residual motor block and two had photophobia. CONCLUSION: Wound instillation of bupivacaine/ketamine is a simple, noninvasive, and effective technique that could be a safe alternative to CK for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
KEYWORDS: Analgesia; caudal; day-case anesthetic techniques; ketamine; pediatrics; postoperative; topical
PDF
Modulación de la Actividad del Receptor NMDA en la Fibromialgia.
Modulation of NMDA Receptor Activity in Fibromyalgia.
Biomedicines. 2017 Apr 11;5(2). pii: E15. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines5020015.
Abstract
Activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) results in increased sensitivity of spinal cord and brain pathways that process sensory information, particularly those which relate to pain. The NMDAR shows increased activity in fibromyalgia and hence modulation of the NMDAR is a target for therapeutic intervention. A literature review of interventions impacting on the NMDAR shows a number of drugs to be active on the NMDAR mechanism in fibromyalgia patients, with variable clinical effects. Low-dose intravenous ketamine and oral memantine both show clinically useful benefit in fibromyalgia. However, consideration of side-effects, logistics and cost need to be factored into management decisions regarding use of these drugs in this clinical setting. Overall benefits with current NMDAR antagonists appear modest and there is a need for better strategy trials to clarify optimal dose schedules and to delineate potential longer-term adverse events. Further investigation of the role of the NMDAR in fibromyalgia and the effect of other molecules that modulate this receptor appear important to enhance treatment targets in fibromyalgia.
KEYWORDS: NMDA receptor; drugs; fibromyalgia; ketamine; memantine
La ketamina en el tratamiento del dolor crónico según medicina basada en la evidencia
F. Neira Reina y J. L. Ortega García
Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2016; 23(6): 292-306.
Resumen:
La ketamina es un antagonista no competitivo de los receptores NMDA y tiene un amplio mecanismo de acción que involucra, además, a los receptores AMPA, kainato, ácido gamma-aminobutírico, opioides, monoaminérgicos, muscarínicos y nicotínicos. Actúa sobre los canales de calcio y sodio voltaje-dependientes, interviene en la síntesis y liberación del óxido nítrico e inhibe la recaptación de serotonina. La interacción con todos estos mecanismos de acción hace que tenga una importante participación sobre mecanismos del dolor, inflamación, neuroprotección y tolerancia de opioides ....
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

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Avances en anestesia regional / Advances in regional anaesthesia

Febrero 17, 2018. No. 2997

Avances en anestesia regional: una revisión de la práctica actual, técnicas más nuevas y resultados
Advances in regional anaesthesia: A review of current practice, newer techniques and outcomes
Wahal C, Kumar A, Pyati S.
Indian J Anaesth 2018;62:94-102
Abstract
Advances in ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia and introduction of newer long acting local anaesthetics have given clinicians an opportunity to apply novel approaches to block peripheral nerves with ease. Consequently, improvements in outcomes such as quality of analgesia, early rehabilitation and patient satisfaction have been observed. In this article we will review some of the newer regional anaesthetic techniques, long acting local anaesthetics and adjuvants, and discuss evidence for key outcomes such as cancer recurrence and safety with ultrasound guidance.
Evaluar los avances en anestesia regional mediante sus representaciones en los metanálisis: una visión alternativa del progreso reciente
Assessing advances in regional anesthesia by their portrayals in meta-analyses: an alternative view on recent progress
Vlassakov and Kissin BMC Anesthesiology (2017) 17:112 DOI 10.1186/s12871-017-0406-3
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to delineate research reflecting advances in regional/local anesthesia where recent clinical progress was clearly defined by meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a search to identify all articles with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials related to the field of regional/local anesthesia. From 279 titles, after multiple exclusions, 16 meta-analyses on important clinical practice developments with high potential for a positive conclusion on the effectiveness of the treatment were left for the assessment. The assessment was performed in two steps. The first step was related to verification of proof-of-concept: the effect is statistically reliable (p-value, effect size, heterogeneity across different RCTs) and the risk of bias not too high. The second step was devoted to attempts to form an opinion on the real clinical benefits of a new development. Results: The assessment revealed that seven recent developments passed the proof-of-concept step. At the same time, positive conclusion on real clinical benefits was reached only by one of these seven developments: ultrasound guidance for peripheral nerve blocks (at least with some of the blocks). Meaningful clinical improvements with other developments remains uncertain. The assessment of the relationships between analyzed advancements over the past 30 years and earlier similar developments indicated that their evolution was usually incremental. The most original advancement was found to be the introduction of the transversus abdominis plane block. Conclusion: The assessment of recent advances in regional/local anesthesia, based on the evaluation of related metaanalyses, revealed only incremental progress with mostly marginal benefits. The progress was the most notable with ultrasound guidance for some of peripheral nerve blocks. Keywords: Epidural anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, Nerve blocks, Minimal clinically important difference, Real-world evidence
Epidemiología, tendencias y disparidades en anestesia regional para cirugía ortopédica
Epidemiology, trends, and disparities in regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery
C. Cozowicz, J. Poeran and S. G. Memtsoudis
British Journal of Anaesthesia, 115 (S2): ii57-ii67 (2015)
Abstract
Recent studies have linked the use of regional anaesthesia to improved outcomes. Epidemiological research on utilization, trends, and disparities in this field is sparse; however, large nationally representative database constructs containing anaesthesia-related data, demographic information, and multiyear files are now available. Together with advances in research methodology and technology, these databases provide the foundation for epidemiological research in anaesthesia. We present an overview of selected studies that provide epidemiological data and describe current anaesthetic practice, trends, and disparities in orthopaedic surgery in particular. This literature suggests that that even among orthopaedic surgical procedures, which are highly amenable to regional anaesthetic techniques, neuraxial anaesthetics and peripheral nerve blocks are used in only a minority of procedures. Trend analyses show that peripheral nerve blocks are gaining in popularity, whereas use of neuraxial anaesthetics is remaining relatively unchanged or even declining over time. Finally, significant disparities and variability in anaesthetic care seem to exist based on demographic and health-care-related factors. With anaesthesia playing an increasingly important part in population-based health-care delivery and evidence indicating improved outcome with use of regional anaesthesia, more research in this area is needed. Furthermore, prevalent disparities and variabilities in anaesthesia practice need to be specified further and addressed in the future. Key words: anaesthesia; anaesthesia, spinal; epidemiological data; epidemiology; healthcare disparities; regional anaesthesia; trends
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
World Congress on Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
April 19-21, 2018, New York City, USA
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

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