jueves, 12 de mayo de 2016

Medicación preanestésica / Anesthetic premedication Victor Whizar-Lugo Para bibliomanazteca@yahoo.com.mx abr 8 a las 9:11 A.M. Abril 8, 2016. No. 2290 Estimad@ Dr@ Víctor Valdés: Premedicación anestésica. Nuevos horizontes de una vieja práctica Anesthetic premedication: new horizons of an old practice. Sheen MJ, Chang FL, Ho ST. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014 Sep;52(3):134-42. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Oct 7. Abstract The practice of anesthetic premedication embarked upon soon after ether and chloroform were introduced as general anesthetics in the middle of the 19(th) century. By applying opioids and anticholinergics before surgery, the surgical patients could achieve a less anxious state, and more importantly, they would acquire a smoother course during the tedious and dangerous induction stage. Premedication with opioids and anticholinergics was not a routine practice in the 20(th) century when intravenous anesthetics were primarily used as induction agents that significantly shorten the induction time. The current practice of anesthetic premedication has evolved into a generalized scheme that incorporates several aspects of patient care: decreasing preoperative anxiety, dampening intraoperative noxious stimulus and its associated neuroendocrinological changes, and minimizing postoperative adverse effects of anesthesia and surgery. Rational use of premedication in modern anesthesia practice should be justified by individual needs, the types of surgery, and the anesthetic agents and techniques used. In this article, we will provide our readers with updated information about premedication of surgical patients with a focus on the recent application of second generation serotonin type 3 antagonist, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. KEYWORDS: anticonvulsants; antidepressive agents; antiemetics; benzodiazepines; clonidine; dexmedetomidine; midazolam; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists; premedication; serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists PDF CEEA Veracruz Like us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Find us on Google+ View our videos on YouTube Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org

Abril 8, 2016. No. 2290



Premedicación anestésica. Nuevos horizontes de una vieja práctica
Anesthetic premedication: new horizons of an old practice.
Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014 Sep;52(3):134-42. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
Abstract
The practice of anesthetic premedication embarked upon soon after ether and chloroform were introduced as general anesthetics in the middle of the 19(th) century. By applying opioids and anticholinergics before surgery, the surgical patients could achieve a less anxious state, and more importantly, they would acquire a smoother course during the tedious and dangerous induction stage. Premedication with opioids and anticholinergics was not a routine practice in the 20(th) century when intravenous anesthetics were primarily used as induction agents that significantly shorten the induction time. The current practice of anesthetic premedication has evolved into a generalized scheme that incorporates several aspects of patient care: decreasing preoperative anxiety, dampening intraoperative noxious stimulus and its associated neuroendocrinological changes, and minimizing postoperative adverse effects of anesthesia and surgery. Rational use of premedication in modern anesthesia practice should be justified by individual needs, the types of surgery, and the anesthetic agents and techniques used. In this article, we will provide our readers with updated information about premedication of surgical patients with a focus on the recent application of second generation serotonin type 3 antagonist, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.
KEYWORDS: anticonvulsants; antidepressive agents; antiemetics; benzodiazepines; clonidine; dexmedetomidine; midazolam; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists; premedication; serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
CEEA Veracruz

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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

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Obesidad y vía aérea / Obesity and airway management

Abril 19, 2016. No. 2301



Intubación difícil en pacientes obesos: incidencia, factores de riesgo y complicaciones en la sala de operaciones y en la UCI
Difficult intubation in obese patients: incidence, risk factors, and complications in the operating theatre and in intensive care units.
Br J Anaesth. 2015 Feb;114(2):297-306. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu373. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intubation procedure in obese patients is a challenging issue both in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the operating theatre (OT). The objectives of the study were (i) to compare the incidence of difficult intubation and (ii) its related complications in obese patients admitted to ICU and OT. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre prospective observational cohort study in ICU and OT in obese (BMI≥30 kg m(-2)) patients. The primary endpoint was the incidence of difficult intubation. Secondary endpoints were the risk factors for difficult intubation, the use of difficult airway management techniques, and severe life-threatening complications related to intubation (death, cardiac arrest, severe hypoxaemia, severe cardiovascular collapse). RESULTS: In cohorts of 1400 and 11 035 consecutive patients intubated in ICU and in the OT, 282 (20%) and 2103 (19%) were obese. In obese patients, the incidence of difficult intubation was twice more frequent in ICU than in the OT (16.3% vs 8.2%, P<0.01). In both cohorts, risk factors for difficult intubation were Mallampati score III/IV, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, and reduced mobility of cervical spine, while limited mouth opening, severe hypoxaemia, and coma appeared only in ICU. Specific difficult airway management techniques were used in 66 (36%) cases of difficult intubation in obese patients in the OT and in 10 (22%) cases in ICU (P=0.04). Severe life-threatening complications were significantly more frequent in ICU than in the OT (41.1% vs 1.9%, relative risk 21.6, 95% confidence interval 15.4-30.3, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In obese patients, the incidence of difficult intubation was twice more frequent in ICU than in the OT and severe life-threatening complications related to intubation occurred 20-fold more often in ICU.
Problemas de manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes con procedimientos de banda gástrica
Airway management concerns in patient with gastric banding procedures.
BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Sep 19;2013. pii: bcr2013201009. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201009.
Abstract
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) is considered a relatively safe and effective treatment for obesity. Even after weight loss patients with LAGB are at increased risk of pulmonary aspiration during induction of general anaesthesia, possibly due to LAGB-induced anatomical and functional changes. We present a case of aspiration in a patient with LAGB following significant weight loss and 14 h of preoperative fasting and review the literature. In the presence of LAGB we propose specific anaesthesia management at least consisting of anti-Trendelenburg positioning; avoidance of mask-ventilation; use of the local rapid sequence induction strategy with endotracheal intubation and fully awake extubation.
Manejo de la vía aérea en el obeso
Airway management in obese patient.
Minerva Anestesiol. 2014 Mar;80(3):382-92. Epub 2013 Oct 14.
Abstract
Oxygenation maintenance is the cornerstone of airway management in the obese patient related to anatomic and pathophysiologic issues. Difficult mask ventilation (DMV) risk is increased in obese patients according recognized predictors (Body Mass Index [BMI]>26 kg/m2, age >55 years, jaw protrusion severely limited, lack of teeth, snoring, beard, Mallampati class III or IV) and should systematically search. Difficult tracheal intubation(DTI) risk may be increased and risk should be assessed in a careful manner. Increased neck circumference and high BMI (>35 kg/m2) should be added to "standard" preoperative airway assessment including:Mallampati class, mouth opening and thyromental distance. In obese patients, preoxygenation is mandatory by 25° head-up position achieving better gas exchange than in supine position. In addition, to prevent early arterial oxygen desaturation related to a reduced functional residual capacity (FRC), atelectasis formation during anesthetic induction and after trachealintubation, non invasive positive pressure ventilation and application of PEEP throughout this period are recommended. Airway management inobese patients has to consider: the anesthesia technique with maintenance or not of spontaneous ventilation, the available oxygenation technique in case of anticipated DMV, and the appropriate tracheal intubation technique (fiberoptic intubation technique or videolaryngoscope) according to the patient status and will. In unexpected difficult airway, the very first priority is oxygenation and a predefined strategy has to be implemented with oxygenation devices first (supraglottic devices or ILMA). Lastly, the final step of the obese airway management is tracheal extubation and recovery. A strategy with a fully awake patient, without residual paralysis, and a 25° head-up position is mandatory.
Committee for European Education in Anaesthesiology (CEEA)
Colegio de Anestesiólogos de León AC
MÓDULO V: Sistema nervioso, fisiología, anestesia locoregional y dolor.
Reconocimientos de: CEEA, CLASA, Consejo Nacional Mexicano de Anestesiología.  
En la Ciudad de Léon, Guanajuato. México del 6 al 8 de Mayo, 2016.
Informes en el tel (477) 716 06 16 y con el Dr. Enrique Hernández kikinhedz@gmail.com
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

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Copyright © 2015

Vía aérea en obstetricia / Obstetric airway

Abril 28, 2016. No. 2310
 


Intubación traqueal fallida durante anestesia general obstétrica: Revisión de la literatura
Failed tracheal intubation during obstetric general anaesthesia: a literature review.
Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015 Nov;24(4):356-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
Abstract
We reviewed the literature on obstetric failed tracheal intubation from 1970 onwards. The incidence remained unchanged over the period at 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.2) per 1000 anaesthetics (1 in 390) for obstetric general anaesthesia and 2.3 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.9) per 1000 general anaesthetics (1 in 443) for caesarean section. Maternal mortality from failed intubation was 2.3 (95% CI 0.3 to 8.2) per 100000 general anaesthetics for caesarean section (one death per 90 failed intubations). Maternal deaths occurred from aspiration or hypoxaemia secondary to airway obstruction or oesophageal intubation. There were 3.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 9.9) front-of-neck airway access procedures (surgical airway) per 100000 general anaesthetics for caesarean section (one procedure per 60 failed intubations), usually carried out as a late rescue attempt with poor maternal outcomes. Before the late 1990s, most cases were awakened after failed intubation; since the late 1990s, general anaesthesia has been continued in the majority of cases. When general anaesthesia was continued, a laryngeal mask was usually used but with a trend towards use of a second-generation supraglottic airway device. A prospective study of obstetric general anaesthesia found that transient maternal hypoxaemia occurred in over two-thirds of cases of failed intubation, usually without sequelae. Pulmonary aspiration occurred in 8% but the rate of maternal intensive care unit admission after failed intubation was the same as that after uneventful general anaesthesia. Poor neonatal outcomes were often associated with preoperative fetal compromise, although failed intubation and lowest maternal oxygen saturation were independent predictors of neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Committee for European Education in Anaesthesiology (CEEA)
Colegio de Anestesiólogos de León AC
MÓDULO V: Sistema nervioso, fisiología, anestesia locoregional y dolor.
Reconocimientos de: CEEA, CLASA, Consejo Nacional Mexicano de Anestesiología.  
En la Ciudad de Léon, Guanajuato. México del 6 al 8 de Mayo, 2016.
Informes en el tel (477) 716 06 16 y con el Dr. Enrique Hernández kikinhedz@gmail.com
Like us on Facebook   Follow us on Twitter   Find us on Google+   View our videos on YouTube 
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

Copyright © 2015