Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Opioides postoperatorios. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Opioides postoperatorios. Mostrar todas las entradas

martes, 13 de febrero de 2018

Opioides postoperatorios en pacientes vírgenes a narcóticos / Postsurgical opioids prescriptions for opioid naive patients


Prescripciones posquirúrgicas para pacientes vírgenes a los opioides y asociación 
con sobredosis y uso indebido: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.
Postsurgical prescriptions for opioid naive patients and association with overdose and misuse: 
retrospective cohort study.
BMJ. 2018 Jan 17;360:j5790. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5790.
Uso persistente de opiáceos después del parto por cesárea: patrones y predictores entre mujeres que no habían recibido opiáceos.
Persistent opioid use following cesarean delivery: patterns and predictors among opioid-naïve women.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;215(3):353.e1-353.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.016. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of opioid-related death in women has increased 5-fold over the past decade. For many women, their initial opioid exposure will occur in the setting of routine medical care. Approximately 1 in 3 deliveries in the United States is by cesarean, and opioids are commonly prescribed for postsurgical pain management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the risk that opioid-naïve women prescribed opioids after cesarean delivery will subsequently become consistent prescription opioid users in the year following delivery and to identify predictors for this behavior. STUDY DESIGN: We identified women in a database of commercial insurance beneficiaries who underwent cesarean delivery and who were opioid naïve in the year prior to delivery. To identify persistent users of opioids, we used trajectory models, which group together patients with similar patterns of medication filling during follow-up, based on patterns of opioid dispensing in the year following cesarean delivery. We then constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors for membership in the persistent user group. RESULTS: A total of 285 of 80,127 (0.36%, 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.40), opioid-naïve women became persistent opioid users (identified using trajectory models based on monthly patterns of opioid dispensing) following cesarean delivery. Demographics and baseline comorbidity predicted such use with moderate discrimination (c statistic = 0.73). Significant predictors included a history of cocaine abuse (risk, 7.41%; adjusted odds ratio, 6.11, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-36.31) and other illicit substance abuse (2.36%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.78, 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.91), tobacco use (1.45%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.04, 95% confidence interval, 2.03-4.55), back pain (0.69%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.74, 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.29), migraines (0.91%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.14, 95% confidence interval, 1.58-2.90), antidepressant use (1.34%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.19, 95% confidence interval, 2.41-4.23), and benzodiazepine use (1.99%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.72, 95% confidence interval, 2.64-5.26) in the year prior to the cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: A very small proportion of opioid-naïve women (approximately 1 in 300) become persistent prescription opioid users following cesarean delivery. Preexisting psychiatric comorbidity, certain pain conditions, and substance use/abuse conditions identifiable at the time of initial opioid prescribing were predictors of persistent use.
KEYWORDS: cesarean delivery; cohort; opioids; pain; pregnancy studies
Incidencia y factores de riesgo para el uso crónico de opiáceos en pacientes vírgenes a opioides en el período postoperatorio.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Use Among Opioid-Naive Patients in the Postoperative Period.
JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Sep 1;176(9):1286-93. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3298.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Chronic opioid use imposes a substantial burden in terms of morbidity and economic costs. Whether opioid-naive patients undergoing surgery are at increased risk for chronic opioid use is unknown, as are the potential risk factors for chronic opioid use following surgery. .....
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In opioid-naive patients, many surgical procedures are associated with an increased risk of chronic opioid use in the postoperative period. A certain subset of patients (eg, men, elderly patients) may be particularly vulnerable.
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
World Congress on Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
April 19-21, 2018, New York City, USA
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