Opioides/Opioids

Farmacología básica de los opioides: Una actualización


Basic opioid pharmacology: an update
Hasan Pathan and John Williams
British Journal of Pain 2012 6: 11
Abstract
Opioids are a group of analgesic agents commonly used in clinical practice. There are three classical opioid receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP), while the novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. Opioids can act at these receptors as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists. Opioid agonists bind to G-protein coupled receptors to cause cellular hyperpolarisation. Most clinically relevant opioid analgesics bind to MOP receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in an agonist manner to elicit analgesia. Opioids may also be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds.
Keywords: Analgesics, opioid/pharmacology, opioid classification, pharmacokinetics

http://bjp.sagepub.com/content/6/1/11.full.pdf
http://bjp.sagepub.com/content/6/1/11.full.pdf






Opioides y disfunción endócrina

Opioids and endocrine dysfunction
Oliver Seyfried and Joan Hester
British Journal of Pain 2012 6: 17
Abstract
The endocrine effects of opioids used for the management of persistent pain are poorly understood by clinicians and patients, and hormone levels are rarely measured. It is recognized that opioids exert this effect via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Additional effects on adrenal hormones, weight, blood pressure and bone density may also occur. Symptoms and signs of sex hormone deficiency occur in both men and women but are under-reported and are often clinically unrecognized. The potential effects of long term opioid therapy on the endocrine system should be explained to patients before opioid therapy is commenced. Monitoring of sex hormones is recommended; if there are deficiencies opioids should be tapered and withdrawn, if this is clinically acceptable. If opioid therapy has to continue, hormone replacement therapy should be initiated and monitored by an endocrinologist.
Keywords; Opioids, endocrine, sex hormones, hypogonadism, testosterone, hormone replacement

http://bjp.sagepub.com/content/6/1/17.full.pdf











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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org