| Lesión de vía aérea durante ejercicio de alto nivel |
Airway injury during high-level exercise.
Kippelen P, Anderson SD.
Centre for Sports Medicine & Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK. pascale.kippelen@brunel.ac.uk
Br J Sports Med. 2012 May;46(6):385-90. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090819. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells act as a physical barrier against environmental toxins and injury, and modulate inflammation and the immune response. As such, maintenance of their integrity is critical. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that exercise can cause injury to the airway epithelium. This seems the case particularly for competitive athletes performing high-level exercise, or when exercise takes place in extreme environmental conditions such as in cold dry air or in polluted air. Dehydration of the small airways and increased forces exerted on to the airway surface during severe hyperpnoea are thought to be key factors in determining the occurrence of injury of the airway epithelium. The injury-repair process of the airway epithelium may contribute to the development of the bronchial hyper-responsiveness that is documented in many elite athletes.
http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/6/385.full.pdf+html
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| Asma, inflamación y daño epitelial en nadadores y atletas de aire frío |
Asthma, airway inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes.
Bougault V, Turmel J, St-Laurent J, Bertrand M, Boulet LP.
Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
Eur Respir J. 2009 Apr;33(4):740-6. Epub 2009 Jan 7.
Abstract
Endurance athletes show an increased prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of training on airway responsiveness, inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes. In total, 64 elite athletes (32 swimmers and 32 cold-air athletes), 32 mild asthmatic subjects and 32 healthy controls underwent allergy skin prick testing, methacholine challenge and induced sputum analysis. Overall, 69% of swimmers and 28% of cold-air athletes had airway hyperresponsiveness. Sputum neutrophil count correlated with the number of training hours per week in both swimmers and cold-air athletes. Eosinophil counts were higher in swimmers than in healthy subjects, although they were lower than in asthmatic subjects, and correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness in swimmers only. The eosinophil count in cold-air athletes was similar to that in healthy subjects. Bronchial epithelial cell count was not correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness but was significantly increased in swimmers, compared with healthy and asthmatic controls. In conclusion, the present authors observed significant airway inflammation only in competitive athletes with airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the majority of elite athletes showed evidence of bronchial epithelial damage that could possibly contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/33/4/740.full.pdf
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