Epigenética y transición de dolor agudo a dolor crónico
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Epigenetics and the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Buchheit T, Van de Ven T, Shaw A.
Author information
Pain Med. 2012 Nov;13(11):1474-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01488.x. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review the epigenetic modifications involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain and to identify potential targets for the development of novel, individualized pain therapeutics. BACKGROUND: Epigenetics is the study of heritable modifications in gene expression and phenotype that do not require a change in genetic sequence to manifest their effects. Environmental toxins, medications, diet, and psychological stresses can alter epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA interference. As epigenetic modifications potentially play an important role in inflammatory cytokine metabolism, steroid responsiveness, and opioid sensitivity, they are likely key factors in the development of chronic pain. Although our knowledge of the human genetic code and disease-associated polymorphisms has grown significantly in the past decade, we have not yet been able to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the development of persistent pain after nerve injury or surgery. DESIGN: This is a focused literature review of epigenetic science and its relationship to chronic pain. RESULTS: Significant laboratory and clinical data support the notion that epigenetic modifications are affected by the environment and lead to differential gene expression. Similar to mechanisms involved in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and inflammatory disorders, the literature endorses an important potential role for epigenetics in chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic analysis may identify mechanisms critical to the development of chronic pain after injury, and may provide new pathways and target mechanisms for future drug development and individualized medicine.
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Dolor crónico postoperatorio
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Chronic post-surgical pain.
Akkaya T, Ozkan D.
Agri. 2009 Jan;21(1):1-9.
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has lately become a neglected phenomenon. However, in recent years, investigations of the possible risk factors (type of surgery, preoperative pain, acute postoperative pain, and psychological and genetic factors) have also gained as much importance as the clinical problem. CPSP is not only observed following major surgery, but also following minor surgical procedures, such as hernia and vasectomy. Definitive data regarding the incidence of CPSP have not been obtained yet, since it is difficult to develop standard methods to resolve this difficult and complicated clinical picture. Many different medications, such as gabapentin, ketamine, venlafaxine, lidocaine, tramadol, and steroids have been tested in addition to multimodal analgesic techniques for the management of CPSP. Hence, preventive analgesia is a broader application of preemptive analgesia that includes any preoperative analgesic regimen able to control the sensitivity induced by pain.
Atentamente
Dr. Juan C. Flores-Carrillo
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
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