| Implicaciones anestésicas de la obesidad en el paciente quirúrgico |
Anesthetic implications of obesity in the surgical patient.
Dority J, Hassan ZU, Chau D.
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011 Dec;24(4):222-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1295685.
Abstract
The obese patient presents many challenges to both anesthesiologist and surgeon. A good understanding of the pathophysiologic effects of obesityand its anesthetic implications in the surgical setting is critical. The anesthesiologist must recognize increased risks and comorbidities inherent to the obese patient and manage accordingly, optimizing multisystem function in the perioperative period that leads to successful outcomes. Addressed from an organ systems approach, the purpose of this review is to provide surgical specialists with an overview of the anesthetic considerations ofobesity. Minimally invasive surgery for the obese patient affords improved analgesia, postoperative pulmonary function, and shorter recovery times at the expense of a more challenging intraoperative anesthetic course. The physiologic effects of laparoscopy are discussed in detail. Although laparoscopy's physiologic effects on various organ systems are well recognized, techniques provide means for compensation and reversing such effects, thereby preserving good patient outcomes.
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| Fisiología pulmonar y obesidad: implicaciones anestésicas en procedimientos torácicos |
Lung physiology and obesity: anesthetic implications for thoracic procedures.
Pedoto A.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Rm M301, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012;2012:154208. doi: 10.1155/2012/154208. Epub 2012 Feb 26.
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem affecting 34% of the American population. As a result, more patients requiring anesthesia for thoracic surgery will be overweight or obese. Changes in static and dynamic respiratory mechanics, upper airway anatomy, as well as multiple preoperative comorbidities and altered drug metabolism, characterize obese patients and affect the anesthetic plan at multiple levels. During the preoperative evaluation, patients should be assessed to identify who is at risk for difficult ventilation and intubation, and postoperative complications. The analgesiaplan should be executed starting in the preoperative area, to increase the success of extubation at the end of the case and prevent reintubation. Intraoperative ventilatory settings should be customized to the changes in respiratory mechanics for the specific patient and procedure, to minimize the risk of lung damage. Several non invasive ventilatory modalities are available to increase the success rate of extubation at the end of the case and to prevent reintubation. The goal of this review is to evaluate the physiological and anatomical changes associated with obesity and how they affect the multiple components of the anesthetic management for thoracic procedures.
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