Anestesia, diabetes y corazon / Anesthesia, diabetes and hearth

Julio 10, 2017. No. 2745

Diabetes, isquemia perioperatoria y anestésicos volátiles: consecuencias de trastornos en el metabolismo del sustrato miocárdico. Diabetes, perioperative ischaemia and volatile anaesthetics: consequences of derangements in myocardial substrate metabolism. van den Brom CE1, Bulte CS, Loer SA, Bouwman RA, Boer C. Author information Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013 Mar 4;12:42. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-42. Abstract Volatile anaesthetics exert protective effects on the heart against perioperative ischaemic injury. However, there is growing evidence that these cardioprotective properties are reduced in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function is myocardial substrate metabolism. In the type 2 diabetic heart, substrate metabolism is shifted from glucose utilisation to fatty acid oxidation, resulting in metabolic inflexibility and cardiac dysfunction. The ischaemic heart also loses its metabolic flexibility and can switch to glucose or fatty acid oxidation as its preferential state, which may deteriorate cardiac function even further in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent experimental studies suggest that the cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetics partly rely on changing myocardial substrate metabolism. Interventions that target at restoration of metabolic derangements, like lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, may therefore be an interesting candidate to reduce perioperative complications. This review will focus on the current knowledge regarding myocardial substrate metabolism during volatile anaesthesia in the obese and type 2 diabetic heart during perioperative ischaemia. PDF El preacondicionamiento inducido por isoflurano es atenuado por la diabetes. Isoflurane-induced preconditioning is attenuated by diabetes. Tanaka K1, Kehl F, Gu W, Krolikowski JG, Pagel PS, Warltier DC, Kersten JR. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Jun;282(6):H2018-23. Abstract Volatile anesthetics stimulate, but hyperglycemia attenuates, the activity of mitochondrial ATP-regulated K(+) channels. We tested the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus interferes with isoflurane-induced preconditioning. Acutely instrumented, barbiturate-anesthetized dogs were randomly assigned to receive 0, 0.32, or 0.64% end-tidal concentrations of isoflurane in the absence or presence of diabetes (3 wk after administration of alloxan and streptozotocin) in six experimental groups. All dogs were subjected to a 60-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium staining) was 29 +/- 3% (n = 8) of the left ventricular area at risk in control experiments. Isoflurane reduced infarct size (15 +/- 2 and 13 +/- 1% during 0.32 and 0.64% concentrations; n = 8 and 7 dogs, respectively). Diabetes alone did not alter infarct size (30 +/- 3%; n = 8) but blocked the protective effects of 0.32% (27 +/- 2%; n = 7) and not 0.64% isoflurane (18 +/- 3%; n = 7). Infarct size was directly related to blood glucose concentrations in diabetic dogs, but this relationship was abolished by higher concentrations of isoflurane. The results indicate that blood glucose and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations are important determinants of infarct size during anesthetic-induced preconditioning. PDF  Anestésicos como cardioprotectores: traducibilidad y mecanismo. Anaesthetics as cardioprotectants: translatability and mechanism. Kikuchi C1, Dosenovic S, Bienengraeber M. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;172(8):2051-61. doi: 10.1111/bph.12981. Epub 2015 Jan 12. Abstract The pharmacological conditioning of the heart with anaesthetics, such as volatile anaesthetics or opioids, is a phenomenon whereby a transient exposure to an anaesthetic agent protects the heart from the harmful consequences of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of anaesthetic conditioning appear largely to mimic those of ischaemic pre- and post-conditioning. Progress has been made on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms although the order of events and the specific targets of anaesthetics that trigger protection are not always clear. In the laboratory, the protection afforded by certain anaesthetics against cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion injury is powerful and reproducible but this has not necessarily translated into similarly robust clinical benefits. Indeed, clinical studies and meta-analyses delivered variable results when comparing in the laboratory setting protective and non-protective anaesthetics. Reasons for this include underlying conditions such as age, obesity and diabetes. Animal models for disease or ageing, human cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells of patients and further clinical studies are employed to better understand the underlying causes that prevent a more robust protection in patients PDF XIV Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología 2017 Octubre 1-Diciembre 31, 2017 Información / Information Encuentro Internacional de Manejo de la Vía Aérea Bariloche. Argentina. Nov 30-Dic 2, 20l7 Información / Information

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org