| Obesidad en el embarazo |
Obesity in pregnancy.
Sirimi N, Goulis DG.
Second Department of Internal Medicine, 251 General Air Force Hospital, Athens, Greece. sirnatalia@hotmail.com
Hormones (Athens). 2010 Oct-Dec;9(4):299-306.
Abstract
Obesity, the most common metabolic disorder, concerns, among others, women of reproductive age and, when it occurs before or during pregnancy, constitutes a major risk factor for both maternal and fetalcomplications. The complications of obesityin a prospective mother include subfertility, miscarriage, thrombo-embolism, hypertensive disorders, metabolic syndrome, preterm delivery and higher frequency of cesarean section. Fetalcomplications include intrauterine death, congenital anomalies and macrosomia. Moreover, the complications of maternal obesitydo not only involve the fetus; they also extend beyond fetallife into childhood and adulthood. The mother's diet during pregnancy creates a metabolic environment that affects fetalgrowth and may result in later development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, a phenomenon known as "developmental origin of adult disease". Since the expectant mother is usually more motivated to accept lifestyle modifications, pregnancy is a period during which obesitycan be more effectively managed. The control of body weight during this period is of paramount importance for pregnancy outcomeas well as the health status of the mother and the neonate.
http://hormones.gr/pdf/299-306.pdf
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| Relación entre evolución del embarazo, marcadores bioquímicos y el IMC pre embarazo. |
Relationships between pregnancy outcomes, biochemical markers and pre-pregnancy
body mass index.
Han YS, Ha EH, Park HS, Kim YJ, Lee SS.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, no. 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Int J Obes (Lond).2011 Apr;35(4):570-7. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationships between pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI), pregnancy outcomes and biochemical markers.DESIGN: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis. SUBJECTS: Korean women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancywere recruited at two hospitals in the metropolitan Seoul area. Pre-pregnancyBMI was categorized in four groups according to the Asia-Pacific standard. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum levels of homocysteine, folate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Concentrations of fetal fibronectin were assessed in the cervix and vagina, and cervical length was measured. RESULTS: Obese subjects had a lower education level and a lower income level than subjects of normal weight. The level of maternal stress was positively associated with pre-pregnancyBMI. Normal weight subjects were more likely to eat breakfast and consume meals of appropriate size than the rest of our sample. In overweight and obese subjects, weight gain during pregnancywas significantly lower than in the underweight and normal subjects. High pre-pregnancymaternal BMI increased the risks of preterm delivery (odds ratio (OR)=2.85, confidence interval (CI)=1.20-6.74), low-birth-weight (LBW) infants (overweight subjects: OR=5.07, CI=1.76-14.63; obese subjects: OR=4.49, CI=1.54-13.13) and macrosomia. In obese subjects, the average serum folate level was significantly lower than in the underweight subjects. In obese subjects, the average serum hs-CRP level was significantly higher than in the rest of our sample. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy outcomes are influenced by pre-pregnancy BMI. These findings suggest that women can minimize their risks of preterm delivery, LBW and macrosomia by maintaining normal pre-pregnancy BMI.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078553/pdf/ijo2010162a.pdf
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