| Observando los rostros queridos inhibe las reacciones de defensa. ¿Un mecanismo promotor de salud? |
Viewing loved faces inhibits defense reactions: a health-promotion mechanism?
Guerra P, Sánchez-Adam A, Anllo-Vento L, Ramírez I, Vila J.
Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41631. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041631. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
Abstract
We have known for decades that social support is associated with positive health outcomes. And yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. The link between social support and positive health outcomes is likely to depend on the neurophysiological regulatory mechanisms underlying reward and defensive reactions. The present study examines the hypothesis that emotional social support (love) provides safety cues that activate the appetitive reward system and simultaneously inhibit defense reactions. Using the startle probe paradigm, 54 undergraduate students (24 men) viewed black and white photographs of loved (romantic partner, father, mother, and best friend), neutral (unknown), and unpleasant (mutilated) faces. Eye-blink startle, zygomatic major activity, heart rate, and skin conductance responses to the faces, together with subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance, were obtained. Viewing loved faces induced a marked inhibition of the eye-blink startle response accompanied by a pattern of zygomatic, heart rate, skin conductance, and subjective changes indicative of an intense positive emotional response. Effects were similar for men and women, but the startle inhibition and the zygomatic response were larger in female participants. A comparison between the faces of the romantic partner and the parent who shares the partner's gender further suggests that this effect is not attributable to familiarity or arousal. We conclude that this inhibitory capacity may contribute to the health benefits associated with social support.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402448/pdf/pone.
0041631.pdf
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| La selección natural, los hijos, y la ética del matrimonio (y divorcio): Construcción de un caso para el mejoramiento neural de las relaciones humanas. |
Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships.
Earp BD, Sandberg A, Savulescu J.
Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Suite 8, Littlegate House, St Ebbes Street, Oxford, OX1 1PT UK.
Philos Technol. 2012 Dec;25(4):561-587. Epub 2012 Jul 5.Abstract
We argue that the fragility of contemporary marriages-and the corresponding high rates of divorce-can be explained (in large part) by a three-part mismatch: between our relationship values, our evolved psychobiological natures, and our modern social, physical, and technological environment. "Love drugs" could help address this mismatch by boosting our psychobiologies while keeping our values and our environment intact. While individual couples should be free to use pharmacological interventions to sustain and improve their romantic connection, we suggest that they may have an obligation to do so as well, in certain cases. Specifically, we argue that couples with offspring may have a special responsibility to enhance their relationships for the sake of their children. We outline an evolutionarily informed research program for identifying promising biomedical enhancements of love and commitment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510696/pdf/13347_
2012_Article_81.pdf
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| La reacción cerebral a la observación de caras de los compañeros románticos de distinto o del mismo sexo. |
The brain reaction to viewing faces of opposite- and same-sex romantic partners.
Zeki S, Romaya JP.
Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. zeki.pa@ucl.ac.uk
PLoS One. 2010 Dec 31;5(12):e15802. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015802.
Abstract
We pursued our functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the neural correlates of romantic love in 24 subjects, half of whom were female (6 heterosexual and 6 homosexual) and half male (6 heterosexual and 6 homosexual). We compared the pattern of activity produced in their brains when they viewed the faces of their loved partners with that produced when they viewed the faces of friends of the same sex to whom they were romantically indifferent. The pattern of activation and de-activation was very similar in the brains of males and females, and heterosexuals and homosexuals. We could therefore detect no difference in activation patterns between these groups.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013131/pdf/pone.
0015802.pdf
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| Las bases neurales de amor romántico |
The neural basis of romantic love.
Bartels A, Zeki S.
Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, University College London, UK.
Neuroreport. 2000 Nov 27;11(17):3829-34.
Abstract
The neural correlates of many emotional states have been studied, most recently through the technique of fMRI. However, nothing is known about the neural substrates involved in evoking one of the most overwhelming of all affective states, that of romantic love, about which we report here. The activity in the brains of 17 subjects who were deeply in love was scanned using fMRI, while they viewed pictures of their partners, and compared with the activity produced by viewing pictures of three friends of similar age, sex and duration of friendship as their partners. The activity was restricted to foci in the medial insula and the anterior cingulate cortex and, subcortically, in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, all bilaterally. Deactivations were observed in the posterior cingulate gyrus and in the amygdala and were right-lateralized in the prefrontal, parietal and middle temporal cortices. The combination of these sites differs from those in previous studies of emotion, suggesting that a unique network of areas is responsible for evoking this affective state. This leads us to postulate that the principle of functional specialization in the cortex applies to affective states as well.
http://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2000&issue=11270&article=00046&type=abstract Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
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