Embarazo/Pregnancy

El ojo y el sistema visual durante el embarazo. ¿Que esperara? Una revisión profunda


The eye and visual system in pregnancy, what to expect? An in-depth review.
Samra KA.
Oman J Ophthalmol [serial online] 2013 [cited 2013 Aug 20];6:87-91.
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a real challenge to all body systems. Physiological changes can involve any of the body organs including the eye and visual system. The ocular effect of pregnancy involves a wide spectrum of physiologic and pathologic changes. The latter might be presenting for the first time during pregnancy such as corneal melting and corneal ectasia, or an already existing ocular pathologies that are modified by pregnancy such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. In addition, pregnancy can affect vision through systemic disease that are either specific to the pregnant state itself such as the pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and Sheehan's syndrome, or systemic diseases that occur more frequently in relation to pregnancy such as Graves' disease, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, anti-phospholipid syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Keywords: Complications, eye, ocular effect, pregnancy
http://www.ojoonline.org/text.asp?2013/6/2/87/116626




Apendicitis aguda en el embarazo

Acute appendicitis in pregnancy
Sanda RB, Garba SE.
Arch Int Surg [serial online] 2013 [cited 2013 Aug 28];3:6-10.
Abstract
Background: Frequently, a general surgeon is called upon to consider the diagnosis of appendicitis in a girl or woman who is pregnant or has recently delivered. The burden of clinical decision-making and execution of treatment would rest on the general surgeon, with other specialists playing peripheral, but important supportive roles. This condition is relatively rare in pregnancy. A delay in operative intervention is often incurred in view of the risk of general anesthesia and operation on the fate of the pregnancy. Promptly diagnosed in a patient who sought medical assistance early in the evolution of the disease, acute appendicitis in pregnancy (AAP) should not pose an operative challenge to the contemporary surgeon or risk to the woman and her unborn child. It is the aim of this review to appraise AAP in the light of contemporary evidence based medicine and to demystify it with a view to encouraging general surgeons to boldly confront a potentially lethal disease and not to add to the patient's suffering by hiding behind unnecessary laboratory and imaging investigations. Materials and Methods: Many search engines are used such as MedLine, PubMed and Google scholar to search out discussions related to AAP. All the acquired information was processed to arrive at the conclusions drawn here in this essay. Results: AAP can be promptly diagnosed and treated with high index of suspicion. Awareness of this condition in pregnant patients must be high. The condition if diagnosed early and treated promptly can have a good outcome. Conclusion: Acute appendicitis is a relatively rare condition in pregnancy; surgeons must have a high index of suspicion as early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in a safe outcome of this condition.
Keywords: Acute abdomen, acute appendicitis, fetal outcome, early diagnosis, pregnancy

http://www.archintsurg.org/text.asp?2013/3/1/6/117120




Tratamiento psicológico de la diabetes durante el embarazo
Psychosocial management of diabetes in pregnancy.
Kalra B, Sridhar G R, Madhu K, Balhara YS, Sahay RK, Kalra S.
Indian J Endocr Metab [serial online] 2013 [cited 2013 Aug 29];17:815-8.
Abstract
This consensus based national guideline addresses the need for psychological, psychiatric and social assessment, as well as management, in antenatal women with diabetes. It builds upon the earlier Indian guidelines on psychological management of diabetes, and should be considered as an addendum to the parent guideline.
Keywords: Depression, gestational diabetes mellitus, stress

http://www.ijem.in/text.asp?2013/17/5/815/117216


Tratamiento anestésico de cesárea en una gestante diabética con miocardiopatía hipertrófica y disfunción diastólica restrictiva

C.M. Holgadoa, S. Covesba
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII,
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2012.
Resumen
Los cambios hemodinámicos que se producen durante el embarazo son máximos entre las 28.a y 34.a semanas. En una gestante con enfermedades asociadas o coincidentes, como cardiopatía hipertensiva y diabetes pregestacional estos cambios pueden dar lugar a una hipertensión pulmonar y edema agudo de pulmón de difícil control. Presentamos el caso de una gestante diabética tipo 1 de varios años de evolución, que presentó un cuadro de preeclampsia en un embarazo anterior y que desarrolló una miocardiopatía hipertensiva desde entonces. Había ingresado en la 30.a semana de gestación para control metabólico y de la presión arterial desarrollando una insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva tras la administración de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal. Se le realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico que mostró un ventrículo izquierdo hipertrófico no dilatado con buena función sistólica, alteración diastólica restrictiva e hipertensión arterial pulmonar moderada. Cuando se consiguió mejorar su estado general se decidió realizar una cesárea con anestesia regional para evitar las complicaciones de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar y sistémica. Exponemos el tratamiento anestésico y la resolución de las complicaciones aparecidas tras la administración de oxitocina.

http://www.elsevier.es/sites/default/files/elsevier/eop/S0034-9356(12)00088-6.pdf




Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org