Efecto de dosis bajas de ketamina sobre el dolor postoperatorio después de cesárea con raquia. Estudio clínico randomizado
The effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine on postoperative pain following cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. Rahmanian M1, Leysi M1, Hemmati AA2, Mirmohammadkhani M3. Oman Med J. 2015 Jan;30(1):11-6. doi: 10.5001/omj.2015.03. Abstract OBJECTIVES: Low-dose ketamine has been considered a good substitute for opioids for controlling postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine following cesarean section with spinal anesthesia on postoperative pain and its potential complications. METHODS: One hundred and sixty pregnant women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly divided into two groups (n=80 for each group). Five minutes after delivery, the experimental group received 0.25mg/kg ketamine while the control group received the same amount of normal saline. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the severity of pain at one, two, six, and 12 hours following surgery. Postoperative pain was significantly less severe in the experimental group. Compared to the control group, the experimental group felt pain less frequently and therefore asked for analgesics less often. On average, the number of doses of analgesics used for the participants in the experimental group was significantly less than the number of doses used for the control group. Analgesic side effects (including nausea, itching, and headache) were not significantly different between the two groups. However, vomiting was significantly more prevalent in the control group and hallucination was more common in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that administration of low doses of ketamine after spinal anesthesia reduces the need for analgesics and has fewer side effects than using opioids. Further studies are required to determine the proper dose of ketamine which offers maximum analgesic effect. Furthermore, administration of low-dose ketamine in combination with other medications in order to minimize its side effects warrants further investigation. KEYWORDS: Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Ketamine; Pain, Postoperative PDF
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Efectos analgésicos de ketamina intravenosa durante raquia en embarazadas programadas para cesárea. Estudio clínico randomizado
Analgesic Effects of Intravenous Ketamine during Spinal Anesthesia in Pregnant Women Undergone Caesarean Section; A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Behdad S1, Hajiesmaeili MR, Abbasi HR, Ayatollahi V, Khadiv Z, Sedaghat A.
Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Sep;3(2):230-3. doi: 10.5812/aapm.7034. Epub 2013 Sep 1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suitable analgesia after cesarean section helps mothers to be more comfortable and increases their mobility and ability to take better care of their infants.
OBJECTIVES: Pain relief properties of ketamine prescription were assessed in women with elective cesarean section who underwent spinal anesthesia with low dose intravenous ketamine and midazolam and intravenous midazolam alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Sixty pregnant women scheduled for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were randomized into two study groups.Ketamine (30 mg) + midazolam (1 mg = 2CC) or 1mg midazolam (2CC) alone, was given immediately after spinal anesthesia. Pain scores at first, second and third hours after CS operation, analgesic requirement and drug adverse effects were recorded in all patients. RESULTS: Ketamine group had significant pain relief properties in compare with control group in first hours after cesarean section (0.78 ± 1.09 vs. 1.72 ± 1.22, VAS score, P = 0.00). Total dose of meperidine consumption in women of ketamine group was significantly lower than women of control group (54.17 ± 12.86 vs. 74.44 ± 33.82 mg, P = 0.02). There were no significant drug side effects in participated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous low-dose ketamine combined with midazolam for sedation during spinal anesthesia for elective Caesarean sectionprovides more effective and long lasting pain relief than control group.
KEYWORDS: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Ketamine; Pain Clinics
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Efectos de dosis bajas de ketamina en la analgesia post cesárea con anestesia subaracnoidea
The Effect of Low-dose Ketamine on Post-caesarean Delivery Analgesia after Spinal Anesthesia.
Han SY1, Jin HC, Yang WD, Lee JH, Cho SH, Chae WS, Lee JS, Kim YI.
Korean J Pain. 2013 Jul;26(3):270-6. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2013.26.3.270. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, might play a role in postoperative analgesia, but its effect on postoperative pain after caesarean section varies with study design. We investigated whether the preemptive administration of low-dose intravenous ketamine decreases postoperative opioid requirement and postoperative pain in parturients receiving intravenous fentanyl with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following caesarean section. METHODS: Spinal anesthesia was performed in 40 parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section. Patients in the ketamine group received a 0.5 mg/kg ketamine bolus intravenously followed by 0.25 mg/kg/h continuous infusion during the operation. The control group received the same volume of normal saline. Immediately after surgery, the patients were connected to a PCA device set to deliver 25-µg fentanyl as an intravenousbolus with a 15-min lockout interval and no continuous dose. Postoperative pain was assessed using the cumulative dose of fentanyl and visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 2, 6, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Significantly less fentanyl was used in the ketamine group 2 h after surgery (P = 0.033), but the difference was not significant at 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between the VAS scores of the two groups at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative low-dose ketamine did not have a preemptive analgesic effect and was not effective as an adjuvant to decrease opioid requirement or postoperative pain score in parturients receiving intravenous PCA with fentanyl after caesarean section.
KEYWORDS: caesarean delivery; ketamine; patient-controlled analgesia; preemptive analgesia; spinal anesthesia
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