Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta cáncer. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta cáncer. Mostrar todas las entradas

viernes, 9 de febrero de 2018

Cirugía, anestesia, inmunposupresión y cáncer / Surgery, anesthesia, immunosuppression and cancer recurrence.

Febrero 9, 2018. No. 2989
Efectos de la cirugía y la elección anestésica en la inmunosupresión y la recurrencia del cáncer.
Effects of surgery and anesthetic choice on immunosuppression and cancer recurrence.
J Transl Med. 2018 Jan 18;16(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1389-7.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relationship between surgery and anesthetic-induced immunosuppression and cancer recurrence remains unresolved. Surgery and anesthesia stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to cause immunosuppression through several tumor-derived soluble factors. The potential impact of surgery and anesthesia on cancer recurrence was reviewed to provide guidance for cancer surgical treatment. METHODS: PubMed was searched up to December 31, 2016 using search terms such as, "anesthetic technique and cancer recurrence," "regional anesthesia and cancer recurrence," "local anesthesia and cancer recurrence," "anesthetic technique and immunosuppression," and "anesthetic technique and oncologic surgery." RESULTS: Surgery-induced stress responses and surgical manipulation enhance tumor metastasis via release of angiogenic factors and suppression of natural killer (NK) cells and cell-mediated immunity. Intravenous agents such as ketamine and thiopental suppress NK cell activity, whereas propofol does not. Ketamine induces T-lymphocyte apoptosis but midazolam does not affect cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Volatile anesthetics suppress NK cell activity, induce T-lymphocyte apoptosis, and enhance angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity. Opioids suppress NK cell activity and increase regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION: Local anesthetics such as lidocaine increase NK cell activity. Anesthetics such as propofol and locoregional anesthesia, which decrease surgery-induced neuroendocrine responses through HPA-axis and SNS suppression, may cause less immunosuppression and recurrence of certain types of cancer compared to volatile anesthetics and opioids.
KEYWORDS: Anesthetic agent; Anesthetic technique; Cancer recurrence; Cancer surgery; Immunosuppression
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
World Congress on Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
April 19-21, 2018, New York City, USA
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

lunes, 29 de enero de 2018

Anestesia regional y cáncer / Regional anesthesia and cancer

Enero 29, 2018. No. 2978
Relación entre anestesia regional y cáncer. Un meta-análisis
The Relationship Between Regional Anesthesia and Cancer: A Metaanalysis.
Ochsner J. 2017 Winter;17(4):345-361.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested using epidural analgesia after cancer surgery to reduce metastasis. This article examines the relationship between regional anesthesia (RA) and cancer metastasis in an array of cancers. METHODS: We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and included 67,577 patients across 28 studies in a metaanalysis, evaluating the hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and biochemical recurrence-free survival. RESULTS: We found no benefit to RA as it relates to cancer. The HR was 0.92 for overall survival, 1.06 for recurrence-free survival, and 1.05 for biochemical recurrence-free survival. Despite the overall analysis showing no benefit, we found some benefit when we evaluated only the randomized trials. However, we found no significant benefit of RA when we evaluated the cancers (gastrointestinal, prostate, breast, and ovarian) individually. CONCLUSION: This metaanalysis shows that RA has no overall survival, recurrence-free survival, or biochemical recurrence-free survival benefit. However, some individual studies have shown significant benefit in terms of cancer recurrence. Further, RA reduces the use of opioids, which has led to some secondary benefits. Further studies are needed to establish the benefits of RA as it relates to cancer.
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
World Congress on Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
April 19-21, 2018, New York City, USA
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

miércoles, 22 de noviembre de 2017

Dolor incidental por cáncer en pediatría / Breakthrough cancer pain in children

Noviembre 18, 2017. No. 2906

  


Manejo del dolor incidental en niños con cáncer
Management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer.
J Pain Res. 2014 Mar 7;7:117-23. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S58862. eCollection 2014.Abstract
Breakthrough pain in children with cancer is an exacerbation of severe pain that occurs over a background of otherwise controlled pain. There are no randomized controlled trials in the management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer, and limited data and considerable experience indicate that breakthrough pain in this pediatric patient group is common, underassessed, and undertreated. An ideal therapeutic agent would be rapid in onset, have a relatively short duration, and would be easy to administer. A less effective pharmacologic strategy would be increasing a patient's dose of scheduled opioids, because this may increase the risk of oversedation. The most common and effective strategy seems to be multimodal analgesia that includes an immediate-release opioid (eg, morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, or diamorphine) administered intravenously by a patient-controlled analgesia pump, ensuring an onset of analgesic action within minutes. Intranasal fentanyl (or hydromorphone) may be an alternative, but no pediatric data have been published yet for commercially available fentanyl transmucosal application systems (ie, sublingual tablets/spray, buccal lozenge/tablet/film, and nasal spray), and these products cannot yet be recommended for use with children with cancer and breakthrough pain. The aim of this paper was to emphasize the dearth of available information on treatment of breakthrough pain in pediatric cancer patients, to describe the treatment protocols we currently recommend based on clinical experience, and to suggest future research on this very important and under-researched topic.
KEYWORDS: adjuvant analgesia; breakthrough pain; cancer; integrative medicine; opioid; pediatric

XIV Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología 2017
Octubre 1-Diciembre 31, 2017
Información / Information
LI Congreso Mexicano de Anestesiología
Mérida Yucatán, Noviembre 21-25, 2017
International Anesthesia Research Society Annuals Meetings
USA
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

lunes, 11 de septiembre de 2017

El efecto del entrenamiento durante el tratamiento con quimioterapia sobre la fuerza muscular y la capacidad de resistencia: Una revisión sistemática


The effect of training during treatment with chemotherapy on muscle strength and endurance capacity: A systematic review

Fuente
Este artículo es publicado originalmente en:
De:
Acta Oncol. 2016 May;55(5):539-46. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2015.1127414. Epub 2016 Jan 12.

Todos los derechos reservados para:
Copyright © 2017 Informa UK Limited

Abstract
Background Treatment of cancer with chemotherapy decreases endurance capacity and muscle strength. Training during chemotherapy might prevent this. There are no clear guidelines concerning which type of training and which training dose are effective. This review aims to gain insight into the different training modalities during chemotherapy and the effects of such training to improve endurance capacity and muscle strength in order to obtain the knowledge to compose a future training program which trains cancer patients in the most effective way. Material and methods A systematic search of PubMed was carried out. In total, 809 studies of randomized controlled trials studying the effects of training during chemotherapy on endurance capacity and muscle strength were considered. Only 14 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The studies were assessed on methodological quality by using Cochrane criteria for randomized controlled trials. Results The quality of the studies was generally poor and the study populations varied considerably as the training programs were very heterogeneous. Variables of endurance capacity reported beneficial effects in 10 groups (59%). Increases due to training ranged from 8% to 31%. Endurance capacity decreased in nine of 13 control groups (69%), which ranged from 1% to 32%. Muscle strength improved significantly in 17 of 18 intervention groups (94%), ranging from 2% to 38%. Muscle strength also improved in 11 of 14 control groups (79%), but this increase was only minimal, ranging from 1.3% to 6.5%. Conclusions This review indicates that training during chemotherapy may help in preventing the decrease in muscle strength and endurance capacity. It is important to know which training intensity and duration is the most effective in training cancer patients, to provide a training program suitable for every cancer patient. Training should be based on good research and should be implemented into international guidelines and daily practice. More research is needed.
Resumen
Antecedentes El tratamiento del cáncer con quimioterapia disminuye la capacidad de resistencia y la fuerza muscular. El entrenamiento durante la quimioterapia podría prevenir esto. No existen directrices claras sobre qué tipo de formación y qué dosis de formación son eficaces. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo obtener una visión de las diferentes modalidades de entrenamiento durante la quimioterapia y los efectos de dicha capacitación para mejorar la capacidad de resistencia y fuerza muscular con el fin de obtener el conocimiento para componer un futuro programa de capacitación que entrenan pacientes de cáncer de la manera más eficaz. Material y métodos Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de PubMed. En total, se consideraron 809 estudios de ensayos controlados aleatorios que estudiaron los efectos del entrenamiento durante la quimioterapia sobre la capacidad de resistencia y la fuerza muscular. Sólo 14 estudios cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios se evaluaron en calidad metodológica mediante el uso de criterios Cochrane para ensayos controlados aleatorios. Resultados La calidad de los estudios fue generalmente deficiente y las poblaciones del estudio variaron considerablemente, ya que los programas de capacitación eran muy heterogéneos. Variables de capacidad de resistencia reportaron efectos beneficiosos en 10 grupos (59%). Los aumentos debidos al entrenamiento variaron del 8% al 31%. La capacidad de resistencia disminuyó en nueve de los 13 grupos de control (69%), que osciló entre 1% y 32%. La fuerza muscular mejoró significativamente en 17 de 18 grupos de intervención (94%), variando de 2% a 38%. La fuerza muscular también mejoró en 11 de 14 grupos de control (79%), pero este aumento fue mínimo, oscilando entre 1,3% y 6,5%. Conclusiones Esta revisión indica que el entrenamiento durante la quimioterapia puede ayudar a prevenir la disminución de la fuerza muscular y la capacidad de resistencia. Es importante saber qué intensidad y duración del entrenamiento es la más efectiva en el entrenamiento de pacientes con cáncer, para proporcionar un programa de entrenamiento adecuado para cada paciente con cáncer. La formación debe basarse en una buena investigación y debe aplicarse en las directrices internacionales y en la práctica diaria. Se necesita más investigación.
PMID: 26755191   DOI:  
[Indexed for MEDLINE]