Errores médicos/Medical errors

Encuesta voluntaria para pacientes de los eventos médicos adversos: perspectiva de 696 pacientes y familiares lesionados. A patient-initiated voluntary online survey of adverse medical events: the perspective of 696 injured patients and families. Southwick FS, Cranley NM, Hallisy JA. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015 Oct;24(10):620-9. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-003980. Epub 2015 Jun 19. Abstract BACKGROUND: Preventable medical errors continue to be a major cause of death in the USA and throughout the world. Many patients have written about their experiences on websites and in published books.METHODS:As patients and family members who have experienced medical harm, we have created a nationwide voluntary survey in order to more broadly and systematically capture the perspective of patients and patient families experiencing adverse medical events and have used quantitative and qualitative analysis to summarise the responses of 696 patients and their families.RESULTS:Harm was most commonly associated with diagnostic and therapeutic errors, followed by surgical or procedural complications, hospital-associated infections and medication errors, and our quantitative results match those of previous provider-initiated patient surveys. Qualitative analysis of 450 narratives revealed a lack of perceived provider and system accountability, deficient and disrespectful communication and a failure of providers to listen as major themes. The consequences of adverse events included death, post-traumatic stress, financial hardship and permanent disability. These conditions and consequences led to a loss of patients' trust in both the health system and providers. Patients and family members offered suggestions for preventing future adverse events and emphasised the importance of shared decision-making.CONCLUSIONS:This large voluntary survey of medical harm highlights the potential efficacy of patient-initiated surveys for providing meaningful feedback and for guiding improvements in patient care. KEYWORDS: Communication; Medical error, measurement/epidemiology; Patient safety; Qualitative research; Surveys PDF Evaluación de la confiabilidad de la revisión de historia clínica para la detección del eventos adversos hospitalarios. Assessing Reliability of Medical Record Reviews for the Detection of Hospital Adverse Events. Ock M, Lee SI, Jo MW, Lee JY, Kim SH. J Prev Med Public Health. 2015 Sep;48(5):239-48. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.14.049. Epub 2015 Sep 11. Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability of medical record review for the detection of hospital adverse events. METHODS: We conducted two stages retrospective medical records review of a random sample of 96 patients from one acute-care general hospital. The first stage was an explicit patient record review by two nurses to detect the presence of 41 screening criteria (SC). The second stage was an implicit structured review by two physicians to identify the occurrence of adverse events from the positive cases on the SC. The inter-rater reliability of two nurses and that of two physicians were assessed. The intra-rater reliability was also evaluated by using test-retest method at approximately two weeks later. RESULTS: In 84.2% of the patient medical records, the nurses agreed as to the necessity for the second stage review (kappa, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.83). In 93.0% of the patient medical records screened by nurses, the physicians agreed about the absence or presence of adverse events (kappa, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.97). When assessing intra-rater reliability, the kappa indices of two nurses were 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.77) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.87), whereas those of two physicians were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00) and 0.37 (95% CI, -0.16 to 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the medical record review for detecting adverse events showed intermediate to good level of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Well organized training program for reviewers and clearly defining SC are required to get more reliable results in the hospital adverse event study. KEYWORDS: Adverse event; Inter-rater reliability; Intra-rater reliability; Medical record review; Patient safety PDF Comprobación cruzada para reducir los eventos adversos derivados de los errores médicos en elservicio de urgencias: protocolo de estudio del estudio aleatorizado clúster CHARMED. Cross-checking to reduce adverse events resulting from medical errors in the emergency department: study protocol of the CHARMED cluster randomized study. Freund Y, Rousseau A, Berard L, Goulet H, Ray P, Bloom B, Simon T, Riou B. BMC Emerg Med. 2015 Sep 4;15:21. doi: 10.1186/s12873-015-0046-1. Abstract BACKGROUND: Medical errors and preventable adverse events are a major cause of concern, especially in the emergency department (ED) where its prevalence has been reported to be roughly of 5-10% of visits. Due to a short length of stay, emergency patients are often managed by a sole physician - in contrast with other specialties where they can benefit from multiples handover, ward rounds and staff meetings. As some studies report that the rate and severity of errors may decrease when there is more than one physician involved in the management in different settings, we sought to assess the impact of regular systematic cross-checkings between physicians in the ED.DESIGN: The CHARMED (Cross-checking to reduce adverse events resulting from medical errors in the emergency department) study is a multicenter cluster randomized study that aim to evaluate the reduction of the rate of severe medical errors with implementation of systematic cross checkings between emergency physician, compared to a control period with usual care. This study will evaluate the effect of this intervention on the rate of severe medical errors (i.e. preventable adverse events or near miss) using a previously described two-level chart abstraction. We made the hypothesis that implementing frequent and systematic cross checking will reduce the rate of severe medical errors from 10 to 6% - 1584 patients will be included, 140 for each period in each center. DISCUSSION: The CHARMED study will be the largest study that analyse unselected ED charts for medical errors. This could provide evidence that frequent systematic cross-checking will reduce the incidence of severe medical errors. PDF

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