Endarterectomía con pacientes despiertos. Seguridad, tolerabilidad y resultados
Carotid endarterectomy in awake patients: safety, tolerability and results.
Mendonça CT, Fortunato JA Jr, Carvalho CA, Weingartner J, Filho OR, Rezende FF, Bertinato LP.
Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2014 Oct-Dec;29(4):574-80. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140053.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of 125 carotid endarterectomies under loco-regional anesthesia, with selective use of shunt and bovine pericardium patch. METHODS: One hundred and seventeen patients with stenosis ≥ 70% in the internal carotid artery on duplex-scan + arteriography or magnetic resonance angiography underwent 125 carotid endarterectomies. Intraoperative pharmacological cerebral protection included intravenous administration of alfentanil and dexametasone. Clopidogrel, aspirin and statins were used in all cases. Seventy-seven patients were males (65.8%). Mean age was 70.8 years, ranging from 48 to 88 years. Surgery was performed to treat symptomatic stenosis in 69 arteries (55.2%) and asymptomatic stenosis in 56 arteries (44.8%). RESULTS: A carotid shunt was used in 3 cases (2.4%) due to signs and symptoms of cerebral ischemia after carotid artery clamping during the operation, and all 3 patients had a good outcome. Bovine pericardium patch was used in 71 arteries ≤ 6 mm in diameter (56.8%). Perioperative mortality was 0.8%: one patient died from a myocardial infarction. Two patients (1.6%) had minor ipsilateral strokes with good recovery, and 2 patients (1.6%) had non-fatal myocardial infarctions with good recovery. The mean follow-up period was 32 months. In the late postoperative period, there was restenosis in only three arteries (2.4%). CONCLUSION: Carotid artery endarterectomy can be safely performed in the awake patient, with low morbidity and mortality rates.
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Efectos hemodinámicos de dexmedetomidina durante electrocorticografía intraoperatoria para cirugía de epilepsia
Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine during intra-operative electrocorticography for epilepsy surgery.
Chaitanya G, Arivazhagan A, Sinha S, Madhusudan Reddy KR, Thennarasu K, Bharath RD, Rao MB2, Chandramouli BA, Satishchandra P.
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2014 Nov;5(Suppl 1):S17-21. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.145195.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine, a predominant alpha-2-adrenergic agonist has been used in anesthetic practice to provide good sedation. The drug is being recently used in neuroanesthesia during awake surgery for brain tumors and in functional neurosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study analyzed the hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine infusion during electrocorticography in patients undergoing surgery for mesial temporal sclerosis. Dexmedetomidine infusion was administered during intra-operative electrocorticography recording, 15 minutes after the end tidal MAC of N2O and isoflurane were decreased to zero. Anesthesia was maintained with O2 : air mixture = 50:50, vecuronium and fentanyl. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) were recorded across at induction, 2 min prior to dexmedetomidine (PreDEX), 5 min during dexmedetomidine infusion (DEX; 1 μg/kg), 5 min after stopping dexmedetomidine and 10 minutes after stopping dexmedetomidine. RESULTS: Forty patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (M: F = 27:13, mean age = 28.15 ± 10.9 years; duration of epilepsy = 12.0 ± 7.9 years) underwent anterior temporal lobe resection with amygdalohippocampectomy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Infusion of dexmedetomidine caused a transient fall in HR in 87.5% of patients and an increase in MAP in 62.5% of patients, which showed a tendency to revert back towards PreDEX values within 10 min after stopping the infusion. Sixty-five percent of the patients showed ≤25% reduction and 10% of them showed >25% reduction in HR. 47.5% of the patients showed ≤25% increase and 15% of them showed >25% increase in MAP. These changes were over a narrow range and within physiological limits. CONCLUSION: The infusion of dexmedetomidine for a short period causes reduction of HR and increase in MAP in patients, however the variations are within acceptable range.
KEYWORDS: Dexmedetomidine; heart rate; hemodynamic changes; mean arterial pressure
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