Revisiones bibliográficas. Documentación científica en Ortopedia y Traumatología, medicina deportiva, artroscopia, artroplastia y de todas las patologías del sistema Músculo-Esquelético
sábado, 19 de octubre de 2013
The FDA's Graphic Tobacco Warnings and the First Amendment: N Engl J Med 2013
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1304513#!
Vicente Lozada-Balderrama
The FDA's Graphic Tobacco Warnings and the First Amendment: N Engl J Med 2013
http://lnkd.in/SwHENh
Perspective
The FDA's Graphic Tobacco Warnings and the First Amendment
David Orentlicher, M.D., J.D.
N Engl J Med 2013; 369:204-206July 18, 2013DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1304513
In the past, constitutional principle gave the government broad authority to regulate tobacco or pharmaceutical advertising. The state's power to safeguard the public health was strong, and companies' freedom to plug their products was weak.
But the Supreme Court has changed course. Whereas it once did not view “commercial” speech as the kind of speech the First Amendment protects, it now gives businesses nearly the same rights to market their goods as it does individuals to speak their minds. And as the Court has broadened corporate freedom to advertise, it has narrowed governmental power to preserve the public's health. Whereas the Court once gave the government more leeway when invoking its interests in public health than when asserting other state interests, it now tends to hold health-related rules to the same constitutional standards as other types of rules.1
As a result, government today is much more susceptible to challenge when it tries to regulate the promotional activities of the tobacco or pharmaceutical industry. In 2011, the Supreme Court rejected Vermont's effort to restrict the use of prescription data by drug companies' sales representatives.2 And last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vetoed the new graphic warnings for cigarette packages that had been issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).3 The Supreme Court's increasing sympathy for corporate speech and decreasing deference to public health authorities makes it more difficult for government to protect the public's health. The fate of the graphic cigarette warnings is illustrative.
Congress authorized the graphic warnings when it passed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009. The Act requires the use of nine new textual warnings for cigarette packages and directs the Department of Health and Human Services to select color graphics to accompany the warnings. The images have to depict the “negative health consequences” of smoking, with text and graphic taking up the top halves of each pack's front and back panels.
In June 2011, the FDA unveiled the nine images, including some that were quite explicit. One image showed a man smoking through a tracheostomy (see image). Another showed the corpse of a man with staples in his chest on an autopsy table. Several tobacco companies promptly sued, alleging that the graphic-warning requirements violated their First Amendment rights. The companies prevailed in both the district court and the D.C. Circuit.
In one sense, the result was not surprising, given the Supreme Court's increased sympathy toward corporations and their First Amendment rights. Regulations of commercial speech often succumb to judicial scrutiny.
However, there was good reason to think that the D.C. Circuit would uphold the graphic warnings. Even as the Supreme Court has narrowed the power of government to regulate corporate speech, it has preserved an important authority to regulate. The graphic warnings seemed to fall within that authority.
The preserved authority reflects the distinction the Supreme Court makes between the regulation of corporate speech that informs and the regulation of corporate speech that misinforms. On the one hand, the Court usually objects when the government tries to block truthful speech by businesses. In the prescription-data case, the Vermont law would have restricted the free flow of information about physicians' prescribing practices. On the other hand, the Court typically approves when the government tries to prevent false or deceptive speech by businesses. For example, the government may forbid companies from saying things that are not true. It also may require companies to make disclosures that will allow consumers to make informed choices and not be misled by advertising hype. Common disclosure requirements include the corporate prospectus for stock offerings, the total interest payments for a home mortgage, nutritional information for foods, and the textual warnings for cigarettes.
The graphic cigarette warnings appeared to serve purposes similar to those of other required disclosures. The warnings would promote understanding of the risks of smoking and prevent people from being misled by cigarette marketing.
Indeed, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit had upheld Congress's authority to mandate graphic warnings.4 As that court observed, people often do not read textual warnings on cigarette packages. And even when read, the warnings may not be effective in informing consumers about the risks to their health. Adding color images can ensure that textual warnings are noticed, read, and understood. Sometimes a picture really is worth a thousand words.
Even though the Supreme Court let the Sixth Circuit's decision stand, its effect is limited. The Sixth Circuit considered only whether Congress may require some graphic warnings. The D.C. Circuit considered the constitutionality of the FDA's actual warnings.
In rejecting the warnings by a two-to-one vote, the D.C. Circuit identified two problems. First, the majority did not think the images were needed to prevent cigarette companies from misleading consumers. Other statutory provisions already prohibited many kinds of deceptive labeling or advertising. The court was not willing to defer to the FDA's judgment that the new images were necessary. Second, the warnings were not designed simply to ensure that consumers fully understand the risks to their health from cigarettes. Instead, wrote the majority, the warnings would primarily serve to convey the government's antismoking message. Indeed, each of the new images would include the phone number for the National Cancer Institute's tobacco cessation hotline, 1-800-QUIT-NOW. Whereas government may use its own resources to publicize its perspectives, it generally may not force individuals or corporations to spend their dollars to disseminate its viewpoint.
Rather than seek Supreme Court review of the D.C. Circuit's decision, the FDA opted to return to the drawing board and develop new graphic warnings. In the meantime, we are left with some important questions.
First, when do graphic warnings cross the line between trying to inform and trying to persuade? Does it depend on how “shocking” or how prominent they are? Two of the three D.C. Circuit judges thought that the images were designed to evoke an emotional response rather than to convey factual information. The dissenting judge cited the FDA's point that warnings more effectively communicate information when they elicit a strong emotional reaction. In addition, the images would provide information about risk when viewed in conjunction with their accompanying text. For example, the image of the man smoking through a tracheostomy accompanied the warning “Cigarettes are addictive” and would have illustrated the tenacity of nicotine addiction. In the dissenter's view, the images would have been acceptable without the cessation hotline number.
Second, must the warnings correct misleading impressions from the company's cigarette packaging or current advertisements, or may they also correct misimpressions from past promotional materials?
Third, if courts will not defer to the judgment of public health authorities about the need for disclosure mandates, what kind of empirical evidence must the FDA present in order to justify the use of graphic warnings?
Whatever the answers to these questions, companies today are better able to promote their products, and government is less able to promote health than was the case in the past. Ironically, early protection of commercial speech rested in large part on the need to serve consumers' welfare. In 1976, for example, the Supreme Court struck down a Virginia law that prevented pharmacists from advertising their prices for prescription drugs.5 The law especially hurt persons of limited means, who were not able to shop around and therefore might not be able to afford their medicines. Today, by contrast, courts are using the First Amendment to the detriment of consumers' welfare, by invalidating laws that would protect the public health.
Disclosure forms provided by the author are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
This article was published on June 26, 2013, at NEJM.org.
SOURCE INFORMATION
From the Hall Center for Law and Health, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, and the Indiana University School of Medicine — both in Indianapolis
Vicente Lozada-Balderrama
The FDA's Graphic Tobacco Warnings and the First Amendment: N Engl J Med 2013
http://lnkd.in/SwHENh
Perspective
The FDA's Graphic Tobacco Warnings and the First Amendment
David Orentlicher, M.D., J.D.
N Engl J Med 2013; 369:204-206July 18, 2013DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1304513
In the past, constitutional principle gave the government broad authority to regulate tobacco or pharmaceutical advertising. The state's power to safeguard the public health was strong, and companies' freedom to plug their products was weak.
But the Supreme Court has changed course. Whereas it once did not view “commercial” speech as the kind of speech the First Amendment protects, it now gives businesses nearly the same rights to market their goods as it does individuals to speak their minds. And as the Court has broadened corporate freedom to advertise, it has narrowed governmental power to preserve the public's health. Whereas the Court once gave the government more leeway when invoking its interests in public health than when asserting other state interests, it now tends to hold health-related rules to the same constitutional standards as other types of rules.1
As a result, government today is much more susceptible to challenge when it tries to regulate the promotional activities of the tobacco or pharmaceutical industry. In 2011, the Supreme Court rejected Vermont's effort to restrict the use of prescription data by drug companies' sales representatives.2 And last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vetoed the new graphic warnings for cigarette packages that had been issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).3 The Supreme Court's increasing sympathy for corporate speech and decreasing deference to public health authorities makes it more difficult for government to protect the public's health. The fate of the graphic cigarette warnings is illustrative.
Congress authorized the graphic warnings when it passed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009. The Act requires the use of nine new textual warnings for cigarette packages and directs the Department of Health and Human Services to select color graphics to accompany the warnings. The images have to depict the “negative health consequences” of smoking, with text and graphic taking up the top halves of each pack's front and back panels.
In June 2011, the FDA unveiled the nine images, including some that were quite explicit. One image showed a man smoking through a tracheostomy (see image). Another showed the corpse of a man with staples in his chest on an autopsy table. Several tobacco companies promptly sued, alleging that the graphic-warning requirements violated their First Amendment rights. The companies prevailed in both the district court and the D.C. Circuit.
In one sense, the result was not surprising, given the Supreme Court's increased sympathy toward corporations and their First Amendment rights. Regulations of commercial speech often succumb to judicial scrutiny.
However, there was good reason to think that the D.C. Circuit would uphold the graphic warnings. Even as the Supreme Court has narrowed the power of government to regulate corporate speech, it has preserved an important authority to regulate. The graphic warnings seemed to fall within that authority.
The preserved authority reflects the distinction the Supreme Court makes between the regulation of corporate speech that informs and the regulation of corporate speech that misinforms. On the one hand, the Court usually objects when the government tries to block truthful speech by businesses. In the prescription-data case, the Vermont law would have restricted the free flow of information about physicians' prescribing practices. On the other hand, the Court typically approves when the government tries to prevent false or deceptive speech by businesses. For example, the government may forbid companies from saying things that are not true. It also may require companies to make disclosures that will allow consumers to make informed choices and not be misled by advertising hype. Common disclosure requirements include the corporate prospectus for stock offerings, the total interest payments for a home mortgage, nutritional information for foods, and the textual warnings for cigarettes.
The graphic cigarette warnings appeared to serve purposes similar to those of other required disclosures. The warnings would promote understanding of the risks of smoking and prevent people from being misled by cigarette marketing.
Indeed, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit had upheld Congress's authority to mandate graphic warnings.4 As that court observed, people often do not read textual warnings on cigarette packages. And even when read, the warnings may not be effective in informing consumers about the risks to their health. Adding color images can ensure that textual warnings are noticed, read, and understood. Sometimes a picture really is worth a thousand words.
Even though the Supreme Court let the Sixth Circuit's decision stand, its effect is limited. The Sixth Circuit considered only whether Congress may require some graphic warnings. The D.C. Circuit considered the constitutionality of the FDA's actual warnings.
In rejecting the warnings by a two-to-one vote, the D.C. Circuit identified two problems. First, the majority did not think the images were needed to prevent cigarette companies from misleading consumers. Other statutory provisions already prohibited many kinds of deceptive labeling or advertising. The court was not willing to defer to the FDA's judgment that the new images were necessary. Second, the warnings were not designed simply to ensure that consumers fully understand the risks to their health from cigarettes. Instead, wrote the majority, the warnings would primarily serve to convey the government's antismoking message. Indeed, each of the new images would include the phone number for the National Cancer Institute's tobacco cessation hotline, 1-800-QUIT-NOW. Whereas government may use its own resources to publicize its perspectives, it generally may not force individuals or corporations to spend their dollars to disseminate its viewpoint.
Rather than seek Supreme Court review of the D.C. Circuit's decision, the FDA opted to return to the drawing board and develop new graphic warnings. In the meantime, we are left with some important questions.
First, when do graphic warnings cross the line between trying to inform and trying to persuade? Does it depend on how “shocking” or how prominent they are? Two of the three D.C. Circuit judges thought that the images were designed to evoke an emotional response rather than to convey factual information. The dissenting judge cited the FDA's point that warnings more effectively communicate information when they elicit a strong emotional reaction. In addition, the images would provide information about risk when viewed in conjunction with their accompanying text. For example, the image of the man smoking through a tracheostomy accompanied the warning “Cigarettes are addictive” and would have illustrated the tenacity of nicotine addiction. In the dissenter's view, the images would have been acceptable without the cessation hotline number.
Second, must the warnings correct misleading impressions from the company's cigarette packaging or current advertisements, or may they also correct misimpressions from past promotional materials?
Third, if courts will not defer to the judgment of public health authorities about the need for disclosure mandates, what kind of empirical evidence must the FDA present in order to justify the use of graphic warnings?
Whatever the answers to these questions, companies today are better able to promote their products, and government is less able to promote health than was the case in the past. Ironically, early protection of commercial speech rested in large part on the need to serve consumers' welfare. In 1976, for example, the Supreme Court struck down a Virginia law that prevented pharmacists from advertising their prices for prescription drugs.5 The law especially hurt persons of limited means, who were not able to shop around and therefore might not be able to afford their medicines. Today, by contrast, courts are using the First Amendment to the detriment of consumers' welfare, by invalidating laws that would protect the public health.
Disclosure forms provided by the author are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
This article was published on June 26, 2013, at NEJM.org.
SOURCE INFORMATION
From the Hall Center for Law and Health, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, and the Indiana University School of Medicine — both in Indianapolis
jueves, 17 de octubre de 2013
Obesidad y anestesia regional
Obesidad y anestesia regional
Obesity and Regional Anesthesia
Parra, Michelle C. MD; Loftus, Randy W. MD
International Anesthesiology Clinics Summer 2013 - Volume 51 - Issue 3 - p 90-112
doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e31829b8f4b
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiaclinics/Fulltext/2013/05130/Obesity_and_Regional_Anesthesia.9.aspx?utm_source=exacttarget&utm_medium=email&utm_term=Article6Button&utm_content=j01&src=Week%2042%20-%20Hot%20Topics%20-%20Anesthesiology&et_cid=251190&et_rid=vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org
Fisiología pulmonar en el obeso mórbido y los efectos de anestesia
Pulmonary Physiology of the Morbidly Obese and the Effects of Anesthesia
Schumann, Roman MD
International Anesthesiology Clinics Summer 2013 - Volume 51 - Issue 3 - p 41-51
doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e3182981252
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiaclinics/Fulltext/2013/05130/Pulmonary_Physiology_of_the_Morbidly_Obese_and_the.5.aspx
Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
Obesity and Regional Anesthesia
Parra, Michelle C. MD; Loftus, Randy W. MD
International Anesthesiology Clinics Summer 2013 - Volume 51 - Issue 3 - p 90-112
doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e31829b8f4b
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiaclinics/Fulltext/2013/05130/Obesity_and_Regional_Anesthesia.9.aspx?utm_source=exacttarget&utm_medium=email&utm_term=Article6Button&utm_content=j01&src=Week%2042%20-%20Hot%20Topics%20-%20Anesthesiology&et_cid=251190&et_rid=vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org
Fisiología pulmonar en el obeso mórbido y los efectos de anestesia
Pulmonary Physiology of the Morbidly Obese and the Effects of Anesthesia
Schumann, Roman MD
International Anesthesiology Clinics Summer 2013 - Volume 51 - Issue 3 - p 41-51
doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e3182981252
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiaclinics/Fulltext/2013/05130/Pulmonary_Physiology_of_the_Morbidly_Obese_and_the.5.aspx
Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
Las dietas ricas en polifenoles alargan la vida de los ancianos
http://www.madrimasd.org/informacionidi/noticias/noticia.asp?id=58254&origen=notiweb&dia_suplemento=miercoles
La investigación la han llevado a cabo científicos del departamento Nutrición y Bromatología de la Universidad de Barcelona y del Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO-IDIBELL) y expertos del Centro Nacional Italiano de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento, de la Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (Itlia) y del Instituto Nacional sobre Envejecimiento de EE.UU.
Los polifenoles son unos compuestos de origen vegetal que se ha comprobado que pueden tener efectos beneficiosos para la salud como agentes antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y anticancerígenos. El trabajo publicado ahora en Journal of Nutrition se basa en el seguimiento durante doce años de 807 hombres y mujeres de más de 65 años de las ciudades de Greve y Bagno, en la Toscana italiana, en el marco del proyecto InChianti.
El equipo de la UB ha estudiado el efecto del consumo de dietas ricas en compuestos fenólicos mediante el uso de un biomarcador nutricional -los polifenoles totales excretados en la orina (Total Urinary Polyphenol, TUP)- como indicador de la ingesta total de polifenoles (Total Dietary Polyphenol, TDP). La profesora Cristina Andrés Lacueva, jefa del Grupo de Investigación de Biomarcadores y Metabolómica Nutricional y de los Alimentos de la UB y coordinadora del estudio, ha explicado que "el desarrollo y el uso de biomarcadores nutricionales nos permite hacer una estimación de la ingesta más precisa, y sobre todo, más objetiva". Ello se debe a que ya que no se basa en la memoria de los participantes del estudio cuando responden los cuestionarios dietéticos, sino que considera la biodisponibilidad y las diferencias entre individuos. Según la experta, "esta metodología permite evaluar con mayor fiabilidad y menos errores las asociaciones entre la ingesta de alimentos o nutrientes y la mortalidad o riesgo de sufrir enfermedades".
El estudio muestra que la mortalidad total se redujo un 30 % en el grupo de participantes que ingirieron más de 650 miligramos por día, en comparación con el grupo con ingestas más bajas de 500 miligramos diarios. El investigador del ICO-IDIBELL, Raúl Zamora, ha resaltado que "estos resultados corroboran la evidencia científica actual que asocia dietas ricas en alimentos de origen vegetal con una mortalidad total menor y una incidencia también más baja de varias enfermedades crónicas".
La investigación la han llevado a cabo científicos del departamento Nutrición y Bromatología de la Universidad de Barcelona y del Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO-IDIBELL) y expertos del Centro Nacional Italiano de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento, de la Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (Itlia) y del Instituto Nacional sobre Envejecimiento de EE.UU.
Los polifenoles son unos compuestos de origen vegetal que se ha comprobado que pueden tener efectos beneficiosos para la salud como agentes antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y anticancerígenos. El trabajo publicado ahora en Journal of Nutrition se basa en el seguimiento durante doce años de 807 hombres y mujeres de más de 65 años de las ciudades de Greve y Bagno, en la Toscana italiana, en el marco del proyecto InChianti.
El equipo de la UB ha estudiado el efecto del consumo de dietas ricas en compuestos fenólicos mediante el uso de un biomarcador nutricional -los polifenoles totales excretados en la orina (Total Urinary Polyphenol, TUP)- como indicador de la ingesta total de polifenoles (Total Dietary Polyphenol, TDP). La profesora Cristina Andrés Lacueva, jefa del Grupo de Investigación de Biomarcadores y Metabolómica Nutricional y de los Alimentos de la UB y coordinadora del estudio, ha explicado que "el desarrollo y el uso de biomarcadores nutricionales nos permite hacer una estimación de la ingesta más precisa, y sobre todo, más objetiva". Ello se debe a que ya que no se basa en la memoria de los participantes del estudio cuando responden los cuestionarios dietéticos, sino que considera la biodisponibilidad y las diferencias entre individuos. Según la experta, "esta metodología permite evaluar con mayor fiabilidad y menos errores las asociaciones entre la ingesta de alimentos o nutrientes y la mortalidad o riesgo de sufrir enfermedades".
El estudio muestra que la mortalidad total se redujo un 30 % en el grupo de participantes que ingirieron más de 650 miligramos por día, en comparación con el grupo con ingestas más bajas de 500 miligramos diarios. El investigador del ICO-IDIBELL, Raúl Zamora, ha resaltado que "estos resultados corroboran la evidencia científica actual que asocia dietas ricas en alimentos de origen vegetal con una mortalidad total menor y una incidencia también más baja de varias enfermedades crónicas".
Feliz Día del Anestesiólogo/Happy Anaesthesiologist Day
Curso Taller de prevencion y manejo inicial de problemas ortopedicos en el niño
Curso Taller de prevencion y manejo inicial de problemas ortopedicos en el niño
Embarazo y obesidad/Pregnancy and obesity
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Festival Miquixtli por Día de Muertos en Chapultepec
http://www.orgullosocitadino.com/2013/10/festival-miquixtli-por-dia-de-muertos.html
Festival Miquixtli por Día de Muertos en Chapultepec
Estamos en la época del año donde muchos espacios públicos son tomados por los citámbulos para disfrutar de las tradiciones entorno al Día de Muertos en nuestro país. Y es que en toda la República hay diferentes costumbres para recordar a los que se han adelantado, muchas de ellas con origen prehispánico y adaptadas a las creencias de la época colonial. En nuestra ciudad se mezclan muchas de esas tradiciones, por lo que los citámbulos tenemos el gusto de disfrutar de todas ellas sin salir de la ciudad.
Una de las actividades que se realizan por estas festividades, es el Festival Miquixtli, cuyo nombre significa muerte, busca fusionar todas estas tradiciones por el Día de Muertos con el Bosque de Chapultepec, incluyendo distintas disciplinas artísticas y culturales.
A partir del 31 de Octubre y hasta el 03 de noviembre, los asistentes pueden disfrutar de un ciclo de cine, recorrido en bicicleta y a pie con las leyendas dramatizadas del bosque, música y por supuesto, las ofrendas.
En el ciclo de cine, se busca resaltar las aportaciones nacionales cinematográficas como parte fundamental de las tradiciones del Día de Muertos. Tres películas son las proyectadas en este festival: Hasta el viento tiene miedo (1968) del director Enrique Taboada; Macario (1960) dirigida por Roberto Gavaldón y; Las momias de Guanajuato(1972) dirigida por Federico Curiel. Se presenta en el Altar a la Patria.
Los recorridos de leyenda como les comentamos, se realiza en bicicleta o a pie por la primera sección del Bosque de Chapultepec. Estos recorridos se realizarán diario y en él, se recrean los mitos y leyendas de los lugares emblemáticos de dicha parte del bosque como el Quijote en las nubes, los baños de Moctezuma, entre otros; y serán representados por la compañía de teatro Máquina de Espacio.
Otro gran atractivo, son las ofrendas que se instalan en la Calzada de los Poetas y en la Fuente del Quijote. Las representaciones son parte de un concurso y al cual se lanzó la convocatoria hace un par de meses, los participantes presentaron sus proyectos basados en calaveras literarias sobre distintos escritores como Manuel José Othón, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Ramón López Velarde, entre otros.
Para finalizar el Festival Miquixtli, se realiza un concierto en la Fuente de Netzahualcóyotl a cargo del ensamble Mal'Akh (de quienes ya te hemos hablado aquí) quienes musicalizan en vivo cortometrajes; además, durante el concierto se anuncian a los ganadores de las ofrendas.
A continuación te dejamos toda la programación del Festival Miquixtli, que por cierto, son gratuitas:
Uso de AINES en Ortopedia
Uso de AINES en Ortopedia
Rogelio Solano Pérez
Aquí les dejo la liga de la última plática impartida por la Dra. Myrna Rosalba Rincon Gomez, como parte de los días Académicos del Servicio de Ortopedia Mixta del Hospital de Ortopedia de Magdalena de las Salinas; en La Mixta, dónde más!
http://youtu.be/7J4c62eNF64
lunes, 14 de octubre de 2013
Lesión explosiva en cara: Una revisión ejemplificando su manejo
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domingo, 13 de octubre de 2013
Obesidad / Obesity
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Bibliotecas. Alerta
Biblioteca Nacional llega remozada a sus 125 años La Nación Costa Rica
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La Biblioteca de Cataluña abre hoy porque 25 empleados de 170 ... El Correo
Barcelona, 12 oct (EFE).- La Biblioteca Nacional de Catalunya ha abierto hoy sus puertas, ya que unos 25 trabajadores de los 170 que componen la plantilla ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Biblioteca y música El Universal - Colombia
Él de inmediato optó por convertirse en mi cicerone y me condujo por los salones de una biblioteca moderna con las tecnologías más avanzadas, amén de los ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Regalan nueva biblioteca a escuela de mayoría de estudiantes ... EFE
La nueva biblioteca de la Escuela Elemental Monroe, en Riverside, al este de Los Ángeles fue inaugurada hoy contando con 2.000 libros nuevos y la adición ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
EFE
La Biblioteca tendrá seis nuevos socios de honor ABC.es
Con motivo del XV aniversario de la Biblioteca de Castilla-La Mancha, seis personalidades de la región recibirán el miércoles a partir de las 17.30 horas las ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Nueva biblioteca de Mirasol abre sus puertas para la comunidad local El Repuertero
Gracias a un significativo convenio establecido entre la Dibam regional y la Delegación Municipal de Mirasol se concretó la inauguración de la biblioteca ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Programa Biblioteca Móvil benefició a más de 2 mil 500 niños Plano informativo
La Biblioteca móvil es un camión equipado con libros, mesas y juegos dinámicos, con el cual se visitan escuelas que existen en colonias y comunidades del ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba festeja 112 años de existencia Radio Reloj
La Habana, Cuba. - Como parte de la Jornada de homenaje por el aniversario 112 de la fundación de la Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí, y por la ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
ITESM y Biblioteca Cervantes suben más de mil libros en la red Notisistema
Con una colección de más de un millar de ejemplares, el Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM) y la Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes inauguraron un sitio ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
La biblioteca del Campus María Zambrano de Segovia pone en ... Icalnews.com
La biblioteca del Campus María Zambrano de Segovia de la Universidad de Valladolid ha iniciado el periodo de inscripciones para poner en marcha en ...Ver todos los artículos sobre este tema »
Blogs 1 resultado nuevo para Biblioteca
La bodega (BIBLIOTECA NOAH GORDON) eBook ... - Amazon.es
La bodega (BIBLIOTECA NOAH GORDON) eBook: Noah Gordon, Enrique de Hériz: Amazon.es: Tienda Kindle.Amazon.es: Productos del momento en Tienda Kindle
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