SIRA / ARDS

Diciembre 21, 2017. No. 2939

Conceptos actuales de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda: una revisión narrativa Current Concepts of ARDS: A Narrative Review. Umbrello M1, Formenti P2, Bolgiaghi L3, Chiumello D4,5. Author information Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Dec 29;18(1). pii: E64. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010064. Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the acute onset of pulmonary edema of non-cardiogenic origin, along with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and reduction in respiratory system compliance. The hallmark of the syndrome is refractory hypoxemia. Despite its first description dates back in the late 1970s, a new definition has recently been proposed. However, the definition remains based on clinical characteristic. In the present review, the diagnostic workup and the pathophysiology of the syndrome will be presented. Therapeutic approaches to ARDS, including lung protective ventilation, prone positioning, neuromuscular blockade, inhaled vasodilators, corticosteroids and recruitment manoeuvres will be reviewed. We will underline how a holistic framework of respiratory and hemodynamic support should be provided to patients with ARDS, aiming to ensure adequate gas exchange by promoting lung recruitment while minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. To do so, lung recruitability should be considered, as well as the avoidance of lung overstress by monitoring transpulmonary pressure or airway driving pressure. In the most severe cases, neuromuscular blockade, prone positioning, and extra-corporeal life support (alone or in combination) should be taken into account. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; critically ill patients; lung-protective ventilation; positive end-expiratory pressure PDF Manejo del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda con posición prona Treatment of ARDS With Prone Positioning. Scholten EL1, Beitler JR2, Prisk GK3, Malhotra A2. Author information Chest. 2017 Jan;151(1):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.032. Epub 2016 Jul 8. Abstract Prone positioning was first proposed in the 1970s as a method to improve gas exchange in ARDS. Subsequent observations of dramatic improvement in oxygenation with simple patient rotation motivated the next several decades of research. This work elucidated the physiological mechanisms underlying changes in gas exchange and respiratory mechanics with prone ventilation. However, translating physiological improvements into a clinical benefit has proved challenging; several contemporary trials showed no major clinical benefits with prone positioning. By optimizing patient selection and treatment protocols, the recent Proning Severe ARDS Patients (PROSEVA) trial demonstrated a significant mortality benefit with prone ventilation. This trial, and subsequent meta-analyses, support the role of prone positioning as an effective therapy to reduce mortality in severe ARDS, particularly when applied early with other lung-protective strategies. This review discusses the physiological principles, clinical evidence, and practical application of prone ventilation in ARDS. KEYWORDS: ARDS; critical care; hypoxemia; lung injury; ventilation PDF Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people Informes / Information International Anesthesia Research Society Annuals Meetings USA Informes / Information

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