Revisiones_bibliográficas TyO_Web: Pulmón, fumar y anestesia / Lung, smoking and anesthesia

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viernes, 17 de febrero de 2017

Pulmón, fumar y anestesia / Lung, smoking and anesthesia

Febrero 14 2017. No. 2600

Valoración preoperatoria de pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares programados para cirugía no cardiotorácica

Perioperative Evaluation of Patients with Pulmonary Conditions Undergoing Non-Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Diaz-Fuentes G1, Hashmi HR2, Venkatram S3.

Health Serv Insights. 2016 Nov 9;9(Suppl 1):9-23. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

This review describes the perioperative management of patients with suspected or established pulmonary conditions undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery, with a focus on common pulmonary conditions such as obstructive airway disease, pulmonary hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic hypoxic respiratory conditions. Considering that postoperative pulmonary complications are common and given the increasing number of surgical procedures and the size of the aging population, familiarity with current guidelines for preoperative risk assessment and intra- and postoperative patient management is recommended to decrease the morbidity and mortality. In particular, smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation are perioperative strategies for improving patients' short- and long-term outcomes. Understanding the potential risk for pulmonary complications allows the medical team to appropriately plan the intra- and postoperative care of each patient.

KEYWORDS: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; intraoperative care; obstructive sleep apnea; postoperative complications; pulmonary; pulmonary hypertension

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Efectos de fumar y dejar de fumar sobre la cirugía de columna. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

The Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Jackson KL 2nd1, Devine JG2.

Global Spine J. 2016 Nov;6(7):695-701. Epub 2016 Jan 15.

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Tabaquismo y Efecto de la Dexmedetomidina y del Fentanil en la Intubación Traqueal

Kemal Gulsoy 1, Serpil Deren 1, Semih Baskan 1, Dilsen Ornek 1, Bayazit Dikmen

Rev Bras Anestesiol 2012; 62: 2: 141-153

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Cese del tabaquismo preoperatorio a corto plazo y complicaciones postoperatorias: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wong J1, Lam DP, Abrishami A, Chan MT, Chung F.

Can J Anaesth. 2012 Mar;59(3):268-79. doi: 10.1007/s12630-011-9652-x. Epub 2011 Dec 21.

Abstract

PURPOSE: The literature was reviewed to determine the risks or benefits of short-term (less than four weeks) smoking cessation on postoperative complications and to derive the minimum duration of preoperative abstinence from smoking required to reduce such complications in adult surgical patients. SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and other relevant databases for cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that reported postoperative complications (i.e., respiratory, cardiovascular, wound-healing) and mortality in patients who quit smoking within six months of surgery. Using a random effects model, meta-analyses were conducted to compare the relative risks of complications in ex-smokers with varying intervals of smoking cessation vs the risks in current smokers. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We included 25 studies. Compared with current smokers, the risk of respiratory complications was similar in smokers who quit less than two or two to four weeks before surgery (risk ratio [RR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 1.50 vs RR 1.14; CI 0.90 to 1.45, respectively). Smokers who quit more than four and more than eight weeks before surgery had lower risks of respiratory complications than current smokers (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.96 and RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.76, respectively). For wound-healing complications, the risk was less in smokers who quit more than three to four weeks before surgery than in current smokers (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84). Few studies reported cardiovascular complications and there were few deaths.

CONCLUSION: At least four weeks of abstinence from smoking reduces respiratory complications, and abstinence of at least three to four weeks reduces wound-healing complications. Short-term (less than four weeks) smoking cessation does not appear to increase or reduce the risk of postoperative respiratory complications.

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