Óxido nitroso y depresión mayor / N2O and major depression

Noviembre 2, 2015. No. 2133

Combinación de óxido nitroso con isoflorano o escopolamina para depresión mayor resistente Combination of Nitrous Oxide with Isoflurane or Scopolamine for Treatment-resistant Major Depression. Yang C1, Hashimoto K. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2015 Apr 30;13(1):118-20. doi: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.118. PDF El óxido nitroso para tratamiento de la depresión mayor resistente: Un ensayo de prueba de concepto. Nitrous Oxide for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Proof-of-Concept Trial. Nagele P, Duma A, Kopec M, Gebara MA, Parsoei A, Walker M, Janski A, Panagopoulos VN, Cristancho P, Miller JP, Zorumski CF, Conway CR. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 1;78(1):10-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Dec 9. Abstract BACKGROUND: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, have rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistantdepression (TRD). We hypothesized that nitrous oxide, an inhalational general anesthetic and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may also be a rapidly acting treatment for TRD. METHODS: In this blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 20 patients with TRD were randomly assigned to 1-hour inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen or 50% nitrogen/50% oxygen (placebo control). The primary endpoint was the change on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21) 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS: Mean duration of nitrous oxide treatment was 55.6 ± 2.5 (SD) min at a median inspiratory concentration of 44% (interquartile range, 37%-45%). In two patients, nitrous oxide treatment was briefly interrupted, and the treatment was discontinued in three patients. Depressivesymptoms improved significantly at 2 hours and 24 hours after receiving nitrous oxide compared with placebo (mean HDRS-21 difference at 2 hours, -4.8 points, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.8 to -7.8 points, p = .002; at 24 hours, -5.5 points, 95% CI, -2.5 to -8.5 points, p < .001; comparison between nitrous oxide and placebo, p < .001). Four patients (20%) had treatment response (reduction ≥50% on HDRS-21) and three patients (15%) had a full remission (HDRS-21 ≤ 7 points) after nitrous oxide compared with one patient (5%) and none after placebo (odds ratio for response, 4.0, 95% CI, .45-35.79; OR for remission, 3.0, 95% CI, .31-28.8). No serious adverse events occurred; all adverse events were brief and of mild to moderate severity. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept trial demonstrated that nitrous oxide has rapid and marked antidepressant effects in patients with TRD. KEYWORDS: Major depression; Nitrous oxide; Treatment-resistant depression PDF

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