Dosis baja de ketamina/Ketamine low dose

Septiembre 14, 2015. No. 2085

Efecto de infusión intraoperatoria de dosis bajas de ketamina para analgesia postoperatoria Effect of intraoperative infusion of low-dose ketamine on management of postoperative analgesia. Kaur S, Saroa R, Aggarwal S. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2015 Jul-Dec;6(2):378-82. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.160012. Abstract BACKGROUND: Use of opioids for perioperative analgesia is associated with sedation, respiratory depression and postoperative nausea and vomiting. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist such as ketamine has both analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties. We studied the effect of intraoperative infusion of low-dose ketamine on postoperative analgesia and its management with opioids.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 patients scheduled for open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups in a randomized double-blinded way. The general anesthetic technique was standardized in both groups. Group K patients (n = 40) received bolus of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg intravenously followed by an infusion of 0.1 mg/kg/h before skin incision, which was continued up to the end of surgery. Similar volume of saline was infused in Group C (n = 40). The pain score at different intervals and cumulative morphine consumption over 24 h was observed. Secondary outcomes such as hemodynamic parameters, patient satisfaction score and incidences of side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: Intraoperative infusion of low-dose ketamine resulted in effective analgesia in first 6 h of the postoperative period, which was evident from reduced pain scores and reduced opioid requirements (P = 0.001). The incidence of side effects and patient satisfaction were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative low-dose ketamine infusion provides good postoperative analgesia while reducing need of opioid analgesics, which must be considered for better management of postoperative analgesia. KEYWORDS: Ketamine; morphine; postoperative analgesia PDF  Comparación de ketorolaco y dosis bajas de ketamina en la prevención del aumento de presión arterial inducida por el torniquete Comparison of ketorolac and low-dose ketamine in preventing tourniquet-induced increase in arterial pressure. Zaidi R, Ahmed A. Indian J Anaesth. 2015 Jul;59(7):428-32. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.160949. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Application of tourniquet during orthopaedic procedures causes pain and increase in blood pressure despite adequate anaesthesia and analgesia. In this study, we compared ketorolac with ketamine in patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery with tourniquet in order to discover if ketorolac was equally effective or better than ketamine in preventing tourniquet-induced hypertension. METHODS: Approval was granted by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee and informed consent was obtained from all participants. A randomised double-blinded controlled trial with 38 patients each in the ketamine and ketorolac groups undergoing elective knee surgery for anterior cruciate ligament repair or reconstruction was conducted. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were standardised in all patients, and the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane was maintained at 1.2 throughout the study period. One group received ketamine in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg and the other group received 30 mg ketorolac 10 min before tourniquet inflation. Blood pressure was recorded before induction of anaesthesia (baseline) and at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after tourniquet inflation. RESULTS: The demographic and anaesthetic characteristics were similar in the two groups. At 0 and 10 min, tourniquet-induced rise in blood pressure was not observed in both groups. From 20 min onward, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in ketorolac group compared to ketamine group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ketamine is superior to ketorolac in preventing tourniquet-induced increases in blood pressure. KEYWORDS: Ketamine; ketorolac; tourniquet pain; tourniquet-induced hypertension PDF     Dexmedetomidina con dosis bajas de ketamina en cirugía de cataratas bajo bloqueo peribulbar en un paciente con corea de Huntington Dexmedetomidine with low-dose ketamine for cataract surgery under peribulbar block in a patient with Huntington's chorea. Naik S, Shetti AN, Nadkarni AV, Ahuja B. Anesth Essays Res. 2015 Jan-Apr;9(1):92-4. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.150140. Abstract Huntington's chorea (HC) is a rare hereditary disorder of the nervous system. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder and is characterized by progressive chorea, dementia, and psychiatric disturbances. There are only a few case reports regarding the anesthetic management of a patient with HC and the best anesthetic technique is yet to be established for those patients which are at higher risk of perioperative complications. We report the anesthetic management of a 64-year-old patient with HC admitted for cataract surgery. KEYWORDS: Cataract; Huntington's chorea; dexmedetomidine; ketamine PDF

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