Monitoreo intraoperatorio con BIS y tiempo de extubación después de cirugía cardiaca. Análisis secundario de un estudio randomizado

Septiembre 18, 2015. No. 2089

Monitoreo intraoperatorio con BIS y tiempo de extubación después de cirugía cardiaca. Análisis secundario de un estudio randomizado Intraoperative bispectral index monitoring and time to extubation after cardiac surgery: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Vance JL, Shanks AM1, Woodrum DT. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014 Sep 18;14:79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-79. eCollection 2014. PDF Monitoreo cerebral con electroencefalografía y el electroencefalograma derivado del BIS durante cirugía cardiaca Brain monitoring with electroencephalography and the electroencephalogram-derived bispectral index during cardiac surgery. Kertai MD1, Whitlock EL, Avidan MS. Anesth Analg. 2012 Mar;114(3):533-46. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823ee030. Epub 2012 Jan 17. Abstract Cardiac surgery presents particular challenges for the anesthesiologist. In addition to standard and advanced monitors typically used during cardiac surgery, anesthesiologists may consider monitoring the brain with raw or processed electroencephalography (EEG). There is strong evidence that a protocol incorporating the processed EEG bispectral index (BIS) decreases the incidence intraoperative awareness in comparison with standard practice. However, there is conflicting evidence that incorporating the BIS into cardiac anesthesia practice improves "fast-tracking," decreases anesthetic drug use, or detects cerebral ischemia. Recent research, including many cardiac surgical patients, shows that a protocol based on BIS monitoring is not superior to a protocol based on end-tidal anesthetic concentration monitoring in preventing awareness. There has been a resurgence of interest in the anesthesia literature in limited montage EEG monitoring, including nonproprietary processed indices. This has been accompanied by research showing that with structured training, anesthesiologists can glean useful information from the raw EEG trace. In this review, we discuss both the hypothesized benefits and limitations of BIS and frontal channel EEG monitoring in the cardiac surgical population. PDF   El impacto del BIS versus la concentración anestésica al final de la espiración sobre el tiempo de extubación traqueal en cirugía cardiaca ¨fast-track¨ The impact of bispectral index versus end-tidal anesthetic concentration-guided anesthesia on time to tracheal extubation in fast-track cardiac surgery. Villafranca A, Thomson IA, Grocott HP, Avidan MS, Kahn S, Jacobsohn E. Anesth Analg. 2013 Mar;116(3):541-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827b117e. Epub 2013 Feb 11. Abstract BACKGROUND: Bispectral Index (BIS)-guided anesthesia administration has been reported to reduce the time to tracheal extubation. However, no trials have compared the ability of BIS guidance to promote earlier tracheal extubation relative to guidance by end-tidal anesthetic concentration (ETAC). We hypothesized that BIS-guided anesthesia would result in earlier tracheal extubation compared with ETAC-guided anesthesia in fast-track cardiac surgery patients. METHODS: This study consisted of patients at a single institution who were enrolled in the larger, multicenter BIS or Anesthesia Gas to Reduce Explicit Recall (BAG-RECALL) clinical trial that compared rates of postoperative awareness for patient whose anesthetic was guided by BIS versus ETAC. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to BIS (n = 361) or ETAC (n = 362) guided anesthesia. Volatile anesthetic was titrated either to maintain a BIS value of 40 to 60 (BIS group), or an age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration of 0.7 to 1.3 (ETAC group). In the ETAC group, anesthesiologists were blinded to the BIS values. In this substudy, time to tracheal extubation was compared between groups. Cox regression identified predictors affecting the instantaneous probability of tracheal extubation. RESULTS: Time to tracheal extubation was not significantly different between groups (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.23, P = 0.643). In addition, group assignment did not influence the instantaneous probability of tracheal extubation (P = 0.433). Predictors decreasing the instantaneous probability of tracheal extubation included higher body mass index (P = 0.001), higher logistic EuroSCORE (P = 0.015), complex surgery type (P = 0.034), and surgery completion in the evening (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with management based on ETAC, anesthetic management based on BIS guidance does not strongly increase the probability of earlier tracheal extubation in patients undergoing fast-track cardiac surgery. The decision to extubate the trachea is more influenced by patient characteristics and perioperative course than the assignment to BIS or ETAC monitoring. PDF

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