Pregabalina en dolor agudo y crónico
Pregabalin in acute and chronic pain.
Baidya DK, Agarwal A, Khanna P, Arora MK.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;27(3):307-14. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.83672.
Abstract
Pregabalin is a gamma-amino-butyric acid analog shown to be effective in several models of neuropathic pain, incisional injury, and inflammatory injury. In this review, the role of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain and in chronic pain syndromes has been discussed. Multimodal perioperativeanalgesia with the use of gabapentinoids has become common. Based on available evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis, the perioperative administration of pregabalin reduces opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects in the first 24 h following surgery. Postoperative pain intensity is however not consistently reduced by pregabalin. Adverse effects like visual disturbance, sedation, dizziness, and headache are associated with higher doses. The advantage of the perioperative use of pregabalin is so far limited to laparoscopic, gynecological, and daycare surgeries which are not very painful. The role of the perioperative administration of pregabalin in preventing chronic pain following surgery, its efficacy in more painful surgeries and surgeries done under regional anesthesia, and the optimal dosage and duration of perioperative pregabalin need to be studied. The efficacy of pregabalin in chronic pain conditions like painful diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, central neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia has been demonstrated.
KEYWORDS: Acute perioperative pain, chronic pain syndromes, pregabalin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161452/
http://www.joacp.org/downloadpdf.asp?issn=0970-9185;year=2011;volume=27;issue=3;spage=307;epage=314;aulast=Baidya;type=2
Eficacia de pregabalina en dolor agudo postoperatorio. Meta-análisis
Efficacy of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain: a meta-analysis.
Zhang J, Ho KY, Wang Y.
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East-Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Br J Anaesth. 2011 Apr;106(4):454-62. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer027. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Abstract
Multimodal treatment of postoperative pain using adjuncts such as gabapentin is becoming more common. Pregabalin has anti-hyperalgesic properties similar to gabapentin. In this systematic review, we evaluated randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) for the analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain. A systematic search of Medline (1966-2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar was performed. We identified 11 valid RCTs that used pregabalin for acute postoperative pain. Postoperative pain intensity was not reduced by pregabalin. Cumulative opioid consumption at 24 h was significantly decreased with pregabalin. At pregabalin doses of <300 mg, there was a reduction of 8.8 mg [weighted mean difference (WMD)]. At pregabalin doses ≥300 mg, cumulative opioid consumption was even lower (WMD, -13.4 mg). Pregabalin reduced opioid-related adverse effects such as vomiting [risk ratio (RR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.95]. However, the risk of visual disturbance was greater (RR 3.29; 95% CI 1.95-5.57). Perioperative pregabalin administration reduced opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects after surgery.
http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/4/454.full.pdf
Prevención de dolor crónico postoperatorio utilizando gabapentina y pregabalina: combinación de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis
The prevention of chronic postsurgical pain using gabapentin and pregabalin: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clarke H, Bonin RP, Orser BA, Englesakis M, Wijeysundera DN, Katz J.
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Eaton North 3 EB 317, Pain Research Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. hance.clarke@utoronto.ca
Anesth Analg. 2012 Aug;115(2):428-42
. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318249d36e. Epub 2012 Mar 13.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Many clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of gabapentin and pregabalin administration in the perioperative period as an adjunct to reduce acute postoperative pain. However, very few clinical trials have examined the use of gabapentin and pregabalin for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). We (1) systematically reviewed the published literature pertaining to the prevention of CPSP (≥ 2 months after surgery) after perioperative administration of gabapentin and pregabalin and (2) performed a meta-analysis using studies that report sufficient data. A search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, IPA, and CINAHL) for relevant English-language trials to June 2011 was conducted.
METHODS:The following inclusion criteria for identified clinical trials were used for entry into the present systematic review: randomization; double-blind assessments of pain and analgesic use; report of pain using a reliable and valid measure; report of analgesic consumption; and an absence of design flaws, methodological problems or confounders that render interpretation of the results ambiguous. Trials that did not fit the definition of preventive analgesia and did not assess chronic pain at 2 or more months after surgery were excluded. RESULTS:The database search yielded 474 citations. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 11 trials, 8 studied gabapentin, 4 of which (i.e., 50%) found that perioperative administration of gabapentin decreased the incidence of chronic pain more than 2 months after surgery. The 3 trials that used pregabalin demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of CPSP, and 2 of the 3 trials also found an improvement in postsurgical patient function. Eight studies were included in a meta-analysis, 6 of the gabapentin trials demonstrated a moderate-to-large reduction in the development of CPSP (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.98; P = 0.04), and the 2 pregabalin trials found a very large reduction in the development of CPSP (pooled OR 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.79; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The present review supports the view that perioperative administration of gabapentin and pregabalin are effective in reducing the incidence of CPSP. Better-designed and appropriately powered clinical trials are needed to confirm these early findings.
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2012&issue=08000&article=00030&type=abstract
Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
Pregabalin in acute and chronic pain.
Baidya DK, Agarwal A, Khanna P, Arora MK.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;27(3):307-14. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.83672.
Abstract
Pregabalin is a gamma-amino-butyric acid analog shown to be effective in several models of neuropathic pain, incisional injury, and inflammatory injury. In this review, the role of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain and in chronic pain syndromes has been discussed. Multimodal perioperativeanalgesia with the use of gabapentinoids has become common. Based on available evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis, the perioperative administration of pregabalin reduces opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects in the first 24 h following surgery. Postoperative pain intensity is however not consistently reduced by pregabalin. Adverse effects like visual disturbance, sedation, dizziness, and headache are associated with higher doses. The advantage of the perioperative use of pregabalin is so far limited to laparoscopic, gynecological, and daycare surgeries which are not very painful. The role of the perioperative administration of pregabalin in preventing chronic pain following surgery, its efficacy in more painful surgeries and surgeries done under regional anesthesia, and the optimal dosage and duration of perioperative pregabalin need to be studied. The efficacy of pregabalin in chronic pain conditions like painful diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, central neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia has been demonstrated.
KEYWORDS: Acute perioperative pain, chronic pain syndromes, pregabalin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161452/
http://www.joacp.org/downloadpdf.asp?issn=0970-9185;year=2011;volume=27;issue=3;spage=307;epage=314;aulast=Baidya;type=2
Eficacia de pregabalina en dolor agudo postoperatorio. Meta-análisis
Efficacy of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain: a meta-analysis.
Zhang J, Ho KY, Wang Y.
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East-Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Br J Anaesth. 2011 Apr;106(4):454-62. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer027. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Abstract
Multimodal treatment of postoperative pain using adjuncts such as gabapentin is becoming more common. Pregabalin has anti-hyperalgesic properties similar to gabapentin. In this systematic review, we evaluated randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) for the analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain. A systematic search of Medline (1966-2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar was performed. We identified 11 valid RCTs that used pregabalin for acute postoperative pain. Postoperative pain intensity was not reduced by pregabalin. Cumulative opioid consumption at 24 h was significantly decreased with pregabalin. At pregabalin doses of <300 mg, there was a reduction of 8.8 mg [weighted mean difference (WMD)]. At pregabalin doses ≥300 mg, cumulative opioid consumption was even lower (WMD, -13.4 mg). Pregabalin reduced opioid-related adverse effects such as vomiting [risk ratio (RR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.95]. However, the risk of visual disturbance was greater (RR 3.29; 95% CI 1.95-5.57). Perioperative pregabalin administration reduced opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects after surgery.
http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/4/454.full.pdf
Prevención de dolor crónico postoperatorio utilizando gabapentina y pregabalina: combinación de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis
The prevention of chronic postsurgical pain using gabapentin and pregabalin: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clarke H, Bonin RP, Orser BA, Englesakis M, Wijeysundera DN, Katz J.
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Eaton North 3 EB 317, Pain Research Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. hance.clarke@utoronto.ca
Anesth Analg. 2012 Aug;115(2):428-42
. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318249d36e. Epub 2012 Mar 13.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Many clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of gabapentin and pregabalin administration in the perioperative period as an adjunct to reduce acute postoperative pain. However, very few clinical trials have examined the use of gabapentin and pregabalin for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). We (1) systematically reviewed the published literature pertaining to the prevention of CPSP (≥ 2 months after surgery) after perioperative administration of gabapentin and pregabalin and (2) performed a meta-analysis using studies that report sufficient data. A search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, IPA, and CINAHL) for relevant English-language trials to June 2011 was conducted.
METHODS:The following inclusion criteria for identified clinical trials were used for entry into the present systematic review: randomization; double-blind assessments of pain and analgesic use; report of pain using a reliable and valid measure; report of analgesic consumption; and an absence of design flaws, methodological problems or confounders that render interpretation of the results ambiguous. Trials that did not fit the definition of preventive analgesia and did not assess chronic pain at 2 or more months after surgery were excluded. RESULTS:The database search yielded 474 citations. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 11 trials, 8 studied gabapentin, 4 of which (i.e., 50%) found that perioperative administration of gabapentin decreased the incidence of chronic pain more than 2 months after surgery. The 3 trials that used pregabalin demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of CPSP, and 2 of the 3 trials also found an improvement in postsurgical patient function. Eight studies were included in a meta-analysis, 6 of the gabapentin trials demonstrated a moderate-to-large reduction in the development of CPSP (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.98; P = 0.04), and the 2 pregabalin trials found a very large reduction in the development of CPSP (pooled OR 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.79; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The present review supports the view that perioperative administration of gabapentin and pregabalin are effective in reducing the incidence of CPSP. Better-designed and appropriately powered clinical trials are needed to confirm these early findings.
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2012&issue=08000&article=00030&type=abstract
Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
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