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Cuidado el paciente Viejo: auditoría prospectiva de la prevalencia de hipotensión y el uso del BIS intraoperatorio en 25 hospitales londinenses
Care of elderly patients: a prospective audit of the prevalence of hypotension and the use of BIS intraoperatively in 25 hospitals in London.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Anaesthesia is frequently complicated by intraoperative hypotension (IOH) in the elderly, and this is associated with adverse outcome. The definition of IOH is controversial, and although management guidelines for IOH in the elderly exist, the frequency of IOH and typical clinically applied treatment thresholds are largely unknown in the UK.METHODS: We audited frequency of intraoperative blood pressure against national guidelines in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Depth ofanaesthesia (DOA) monitoring was also audited due to the association between low DOA values and IOH with increased mortality (as part of "double" and "triple low" phenomena) and because it is a suggested management strategy to reduce IOH.RESULTS:Twenty-five hospitals submitted data on 481 patients. Hypotension varied depending on the definition, but affected 400 patients (83.3 %) using the AAGBI standard. Furthermore, 2.9, 13.5, and 24.6 % had mean arterial blood pressures <50, <60, and <70 mmHg for 20 min, respectively, and 136 (28.4 %) had systolic blood pressure decrease by 20 % for 20 min. DOA monitors were used for 45 (9.4 %) patients.CONCLUSIONS:IOH is common and use of DOA monitors is less than implied by guidelines. Improved management of IOH may be a simple intervention with real potential to reduce morbidity in this vulnerable group.
KEYWORDS:Depth of anaesthesia; Elderly; Intraoperative hypotension
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Influencia de diferentes anestesias y métodos de analgesia sobre la función cognitiva en ancianos en cirugía no cardiaca
Influence of different anesthetic and analgesic methods on early cognitive function of elderly patients receiving non-cardiac surgery.
Pak J Med Sci. 2016 Mar-Apr;32(2):369-72. doi: 10.12669/pjms.322.9555.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:To discuss over influence of two different anesthetic and analgesic methods on early cognitive function of elderly patients who received non-cardiac surgery.METHODS:Two hundred and six elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery were selected as research subjects. They were randomly divided into observation group (103 cases) and control group (103 cases). Patients in observation group were given combined spinal and epiduralanesthesia and epidural analgesia, while patients in control group adopted general anesthesia and intravenous analgesia. Neurological function test was carried out one day before surgery and on the 7(th) day after surgery. Moreover, changes of postoperative pain degree, neuropsychological function and cognitive function were observed and compared.RESULTS:On the 7(th) day after surgery, incidence of cognition impairment in observation group and control group was 48.50% (50/103 cases) and 44.70% (46/103 cases), and difference between groups had no statistical significance. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score of observation group was much lower than control group in the 12(th), 24(th) and 48(th) h after surgery (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that, short education years and general surgery were independent risk factors for early cognition impairment.CONCLUSION:About 46.60% elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery developed cognition impairment, but influence of different anesthetic and analgesic methods on incidence of postoperative cognition impairment of elderly patients had no significant difference.
KEYWORDS:Anesthesia; Neurological function; Postoperative cognition impairment
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Efecto de una dosis de dexametasona antes de cirugía no cardiaca y no neurológica con anestesia general sobre la disfunción cognitiva
Effects of Single Low Dose of Dexamethasone before Noncardiac and Nonneurologic Surgery and GeneralAnesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction-A Phase III Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.
Valentin LS1, Pereira VF1, Pietrobon RS2, Schmidt AP3,4, Oses JP5, Portela LV3, Souza DO3, Vissoci JR2, Luz VF1, Trintoni LM1, Nielsen KC6, Carmona MJ1.
PLoS One. 2016 May 6;11(5):e0152308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152308. eCollection 2016.
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a multifactorial adverse event most frequently in elderly patients. This study evaluated the effect of dexamethasone on POCD incidence after noncardiac and nonneurologic surgery. METHODS:One hundred and forty patients (ASA I-II; age 60-87 years) took part in a prospective phase III, double blind, randomized study involving the administration or not of 8 mg of IV dexamethasone before general anesthesia under bispectral index (BIS) between 35-45 or 46-55. Neuropsychological tests were applied preoperatively and on the 3rd, 7th, 21st, 90th and 180th days after surgery and compared with normative data. S100β was evaluated before and 12 hours after induction of anesthesia. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was applied, followed by the posthoc Bonferroni test considering P<0.05 as significant.RESULTS:On the 3rd postoperative day, POCD was diagnosed in 25.2% and 15.3% of patients receiving dexamethasone, BIS 35-45, and BIS 46-55 groups, respectively. Meanwhile, POCD was present in 68.2% and 27.2% of patients without dexamethasone, BIS 35-45 and BIS 46-55 groups (p<0.0001). Neuropsychological tests showed that dexamethasone associated to BIS 46-55 decreased the incidence of POCD, especially memory and executive function. The administration of dexamethasone might have prevented the postoperative increase in S100β serum levels.CONCLUSION:Dexamethasone can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing surgery, especially when associated with BIS 46-55. The effect of dexamethasone on S100β might be related with some degree of neuroprotection.
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Comité Europeo de Enseñanza en Anestesiología
Curso de Actualización en Anestesiología
Anestesia por Especialidades y Simposio Anestesia y Cirugía Plástica Seguras
Agosto 5-7, 2016. Tijuana BC, México
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16th World Congress of Anaesthesiologists
28 August - 2 September 2016
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre
World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists
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