Hipoglicemia en anestesiología. Diagnóstico, prevención, y estrategias de manejo
Hypoglycaemia in anesthesiology practice: Diagnostic, preventive, and management strategies.
Kalra S, Bajwa SJ, Baruah M, Sehgal V.
Saudi J Anaesth. 2013 Oct;7(4):447-452.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as one of the fastest growing non communicable diseases worldwide. Management of diabetic patients during surgical and critically illness is of paramount challenge to anesthesiologist and intensivist. Among its major acute complications, hypoglycemia has been given lesser attention as compared to other major acute complications; diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non ketotic coma. However, newer studies and literary evidence have established the serious concerns of morbidity and mortality, both long- and short-term, related to hypoglycemia. basis. Invariably, diabetic patients are encountered in our daily routine practice of anesthesia. During fasting status as well as the perioperative period, it is hypoglycemia that is of high concern to anesthesiologist. Management has to be based on clinical, pharmacological, social, and psychological basis, so as to completely prevent the complications arising from an acute episode of hypoglycemia. This review aims to highlight various aspects of hypoglycemia and its management both from endocrine and anesthesia perspective.
KEYWORDS:Diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; insulin; insulin analogues
http://www.saudija.org/downloadpdf.asp?issn=1658-354X;year=2013;volume=7;issue=4;spage=447;epage=452;aulast=Kalra;type=2
Diabetes, isquemia perioperatoria y anestésicos volátiles. Consecuencias de alteraciones en el metabolismo del miocardio.
Diabetes, perioperative ischaemia and volatile anaesthetics: consequences of derangements in myocardial substrate metabolism.
van den Brom CE, Bulte CS, Loer SA, Bouwman RA, Boer C.
Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013 Mar 4;12:42. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-42.
Abstract
Volatile anaesthetics exert protective effects on the heart against perioperative ischaemic injury. However, there is growing evidence that these cardioprotective properties are reduced in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function is myocardial substrate metabolism. In the type 2 diabetic heart, substrate metabolism is shifted from glucose utilisation to fatty acid oxidation, resulting in metabolic inflexibility and cardiac dysfunction. The ischaemic heart also loses its metabolic flexibility and can switch to glucose or fatty acid oxidation as its preferential state, which may deteriorate cardiac function even further in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent experimental studies suggest that the cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetics partly rely on changing myocardial substrate metabolism. Interventions that target at restoration of metabolic derangements, like lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, may therefore be an interesting candidate to reduce perioperative complications. This review will focus on the current knowledge regarding myocardial substrate metabolism during volatile anaesthesia in the obese and type 2 diabetic heart during perioperative ischaemia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599199/pdf/1475-2840-12-42.pdf
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
www.anestesia-dolor.org
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