Hemodinámica de transición en prematuros recién nacidos: relevancia clínica.
Transitional Hemodynamics in Preterm Neonates: Clinical Relevance.
Pediatr Neonatol. 2016 Feb;57(1):7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Each newborn enters this world facing tremendous respiratory, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine challenges while going through drastic physiological changes during the process of adaption from fetal to postnatal life. Even though the vast majority of term infants transitions moothly without apparent consequences, this task becomes increasingly arduous for the extremely preterm infant. METHODS & RESULTS: This article reviews the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular adaptation of the very preterm neonate. In particular it describes the physiology of fetal circulation, summarizes the hemodynamic changes occurring during preterm births and discusses the impact of the most frequently seen clinical scenarios that place additional burden on the premature infant during immediate transition. Finally an emphasis is placed on discussing common clinical dilemmas and practical aspects of developmental hemodynamics such as neonatal hypotension and patent ductus arteriosus; clinical presentations the neonatologist encounters on a daily basis. CONCLUSION: The review provides a physiology-based view on the hemodynamics of the immediate postnatal transitional period.
KEYWORDS: Preterm neonate; developmental hemodynamics; fetal circulation; neonatal hypotension; persistent ductus arteriosus
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