domingo, 21 de agosto de 2011

36 Hours in Downtown Manhattan


36 HOURS

36 Hours in Downtown Manhattan

Nicole Bengiveno/The New York Times
From Left: Watching the progress at the World Trade Center site from the World Financial Center; at Duane Park Patisserie; the scene along Stone Street in the financial district. More Photos »
ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER is rising, and the 9/11 Memorial will open right below it next month on the 10th anniversary of the terrorist attacks. Although progress on the World Trade Center site has been slow, the surrounding neighborhoods did not wait to revive (and in some cases reinvent themselves) after all the emotional and economic devastation. The financial district is bustling, Chinatown is as quirky and enticing as ever, and TriBeCa is bursting with new restaurants, bars and hotels. With the exception of those seeking a night of relentless club-hopping, travelers hardly need venture north of Canal Street for a complete New York weekend.
Multimedia
Friday
2 p.m.
1) CRUISING THE HARBOR
Been there (Liberty and Governors Islands) and done that (taken the free Staten Island Ferry)? There are other options for harbor cruises, and what better way to get an overview of Lower Manhattan? One possibility is a 90-minute sail on the Clipper City tall ship, a replica of a 19th-century lumber-hauling schooner (Manhattan by Sail; 800-544-1224; manhattanbysail.com), which departs from the South Street Seaport. Another is a one-hour harbor cruise with Statue Cruises (201-604-2800;statuecruises.com). The company will soon launch its Hornblower Hybrid, which relies on several power sources, including hydrogen fuel cells, solar panels and wind turbines.
4 p.m.
2) SUGAR AND SOAP
Venture to TriBeCa for a treat at Duane Park Patisserie (179 Duane Street; 212-274-8447;duaneparkpatisserie.com, lemon tarts, $5; “magic cupcakes,” $4) on the shady pocket park it’s named after. Then wander into the nearby shops, ranging from the cute to the serious. At Lucca Antiques (182 Duane Street; 212-343-9005; luccaantiques.com) the owners salvage old wood and metal objects from Europe and brilliantly reformulate them into modern furniture, lamps and wall décor. Torly Kid (51 Hudson Street; 212-406-7440;torlykid.com) has funkily functional clothes for babies to tweens. At the Working Class Emporium (168 Duane Street; 212-941-1199; workingclassinc.com), a shop, you can buy quirky gifts like three-dimensional puzzles and soap shaped like dogs.
6:30 p.m.
3) BANKERS’ HAPPY HOUR
If you resent investment bankers’ salaries and bonuses, then here’s something else to be envious of: the cobblestone stretch of Stone Street. What might be New York’s greatest outdoor drinking spot happens to be right next to Goldman Sachs’s former headquarters. When it’s warm, this quaint block, lined with 19th-century Greek Revival buildings, is practically blocked by tables occupied by  financial types, a few sundry locals and knowledgeable tourists. Choose a table outside Adrienne’s Pizzabar (212-248-3838; 54 Stone Street; adriennespizzabar.com) and order a meatball and broccoli rabe pizza ($28.50), enough for three people; a bottle of wine starts at a few dollars more.
10 p.m.
4) THE ANTI-COPA
Midtown’s Copacabana recently reopened, bringing some throwback flash to New York’smusic scene. But for throwback grit, try the Friday night party at 2020 (20 Warren Street; 212-962-9759; 2020latinclub.com), where Latinos working in every kind of downtown job come to dance to the D.J.-supplied rhythms of the Spanish-speaking Caribbean.
Saturday
10:30 a.m.
5) BUENOS AIRES BRUNCH
Under one form or another, the restaurateur Stacey Sosa has run an Argentine restaurant in this cool space in TriBeCa since 1997. And though brunch at Estancia 460 (212-431-5093; 460 Greenwich Street; estancia460.wordpress.com) is very New York, with frittatas, granola and some innovative egg dishes, there are flashes of Buenos Aires, like French toast with dulce de leche. (Brunch for two about $30.)
Noon
6) MANAHATTA
Most people don’t put the Smithsonian on their New York must-do list. But the National Museum of the American Indian (212-514-3700; nmai.si.edu), in the Beaux Arts splendor of the old Customs House near Battery Park, is a reminder that Manhattan and the rest of the Western Hemisphere has a long and vibrant cultural history. The Infinity of Nations exhibition has everything from a macaw and heron feather headdress from Brazil to a hunting hat with ivory carvings from the Arctic. To get an up-close view of a wampum belt and corn pounder used by the Lenape Indians, who called the island Manahatta, head to the museum’s resource center and ask. The museum is free — not far from the price for which the Lenapes famously sold Manhattan to the Dutch.
2 p.m.
7) DOCTORAL DOWNTOWN
Continue your historical education with a Big Onion tour. Downtown’s a complicated place, with layers upon layers of history: Dutch, African-American, Revolutionary and financial, among others. It takes a doctoral candidate to decode it, and that is who will lead you on a two-hour $18 tour that might include “Historic TriBeCa,” “Revolutionary New York” or “The Financial District.” Times vary; see bigonion.com.
7 p.m.
8) WINE BY THE T-SHIRT
At the wine bar Terroir Tribeca (24 Harrison Street; 212-625-9463; wineisterroir.com), the young servers dressed in wine-themed T-shirts don’t look as though they could know what they are talking about, but don’t get them started. (Actually, do get them started.) A glass of wine begins at $8.75, and the menu is full of temptations so nonstandard you can justify it: fried balls of risotto, wine and oxtail ($8), for example, is a perfect way to spend your allotment of deep-fried calories.
9 p.m.
9) SALVAGE AND BRUSCHETTA
Who knows how many diners have walked out of Robert DeNiro and company’s Locanda Verde, the big northern Italian spot, and wondered what was going on in the tiny, bustling restaurant across the street? Decked out with salvaged materials that evoke an old factory or warehouse, Smith and Mills (71 North Moore Street; 212-226-2515;smithandmills.com) seats 22 at tables shoehorned between the standing, drinking crowds. The menu includes tomato bruschetta, oysters with horseradish, burgers and brioche bread pudding; dinner for two about $70, with drinks. One must-see: the bathroom, in a turn-of-the-century iron elevator.
11 p.m.
10) DRINKS ON DOYERS
Head east to Chinatown, where Apotheke (9 Doyers Street; 212-406-0400;apothekenyc.com) is a non-Chinese intruder sitting on the elbow of L-shaped Doyers Street, the spot known as the Bloody Angle for the gang-related killings there in the early 20th century. Here you’ll find one of the city’s top cocktail bars, with throwback décor and dim lighting. Try the Deal Closer, made with cucumber, vodka, mint, lime and vanilla, along with “Chinatown aphrodisiacs” ($15).
Sunday
8 a.m.
11) BROOKLYN BRIDGE CROSSING
With the arrival of the dog days, you have to get up pretty early to walk across this beloved landmark in comfort. As romantic as ever, a walk along the elevated pedestrian walkway provides a photo opportunity a minute. On your way back, stop by City Hall Park to see four decades of Sol LeWitt’s sculptures, on display until Dec. 3. Then head west across Chambers Street to pick up bagels and smoked salmon from Zucker’s (146 Chambers Street; 212-608-5844; zuckersbagels.com).
12: 30 p.m.
12) IN MEMORIAM
On Sept. 12, the National September 11 Memorial and Museum opens, with its pair of one-acre reflecting pools in the footprints of the fallen towers, names of victims inscribed in bronze panels, and rustling swamp white oak trees overhead. The on-site museum will have exhibitions on the original World Trade Center and the day of the attacks. Visitors can reserve free passes at 911memorial.org. No pass is needed to visit the “Unwavering Spirit: Hope and Healing at Ground Zero” exhibition at St. Paul’s Chapel nearby (209 Broadway; trinitywallstreet.org). St. Paul’s became a refuge for rescue workers in the days after the attacks. Now it houses photographs, testimonials and artifacts from those weeks after the city changed irrevocably.
IF YOU GO
The Greenwich Hotel (212-941-8900; 377 Greenwich Street; thegreenwichhotel.com), Robert DeNiro’s 2008 creation, has 88 individually designed rooms in the heart of TriBeCa. Free Internet and local phone calls, and for rooms starting at $495 a night, you actually get your choice of local newspaper.
To keep it boutique but lower the rate, try Gild Hall (15 Gold Street; 212-232-7700;thompsonhotels.com), a member of the Thompson Hotels, where 12-foot ceilings and marble bathroom floors go for as little as $179 a night on weekends.

Adyuvantes intratecales


Fármacos adyuvantes por vía neuroaxial
Dr. José Emilio Mille-Loera, Dr. Alfonso Ramírez-Guerrero, Dr. Guillermo Aréchiga-Ornelas
 Subdirector de Servicios Médicos. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México.
Anestesiólogo Hospital Médica Sur, México.
Jefe de la Unidad de Dolor Perioperatorio. Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital General de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jal.
Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología Vol. 33. Supl. 1, Abril-Junio 2010 pp S22-S25
Los analgésicos opioides han sido reconocidos durante mucho tiempo, como el tratamiento más efectivo para el dolor. En el siglo 17, Thomas Sydenham (Médico Inglés) escribió: «Acerca de los remedios con los que Dios otorgó al hombre para aliviar su sufrimiento, ninguno es tan universal y tan eficaz como el opio». Pese a su gran capacidad para aliviar el dolor, los opioides tienen un importante número de efectos colaterales desagradables, como las náuseas, vómito, prurito, tolerancia, retención urinaria y depresión respiratoria. Durante cientos de años, estos
medicamentos fueron usados sin conocer su mecanismo de acción. No fue sino hasta 1971 cuando se conocieron los primeros receptores específicos en el cerebro y la médula espinal.

http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/rma/cma-2010/cmas101e.pdf 

Eficacia de la morfina intratecal con o sin clonidina para analgesia postoperatoria después de prostatectomía radical.
The efficacy of intrathecal morphine with or without clonidine for postoperative analgesia after radical prostatectomy.
Andrieu G, Roth B, Ousmane L, Castaner M, Petillot P, Vallet B, Villers A, Lebuffe G.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lille University Hospital, rue Michel Polonovski, 59000 Lille, France. a-gregoire@chru-lille.fr
Anesth Analg. 2009 Jun;108(6):1954-7
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this randomized study, we compared intrathecal (i.t.) morphine with or without clonidine and i.v. postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine for analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy. METHODS: Fifty patients were randomly divided into three groups. They were allocated to receive i.t. morphine (4 microg/kg) (M group), i.t. morphine and clonidine (1 microg/kg) (MC group), or PCA (PCA group). Each patient was given morphine PCA for postoperative analgesia. The primary objective was the quantity of morphine required during the first 48 postoperative hours. The first request for morphine, numeric pain score at rest and on coughing, the time of tracheal decannulation and adverse effects (pruritus, postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression) were recorded. RESULTS: Morphine consumption in the first 48 h was decreased in the M and MC groups. The numeric pain score at rest and on coughing were lower in the M group until the 18th postoperative hour and until the 24th postoperative hour in the MC group. The first requests for PCA were delayed in these two groups. The need for intraoperative sufentanil was significantly lower in the MC group. CONCLUSION: IT morphine provided a significant reduction in morphine requirement during the first 48 postoperative hours after a radical prostatectomy. The addition of clonidine to i.t. morphine reduced intraoperative sufentanil use, prolonged time until first request for PCA rescue, and further prolonged analgesia at rest and with coughing

http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/108/6/1954.full.pdf
 

Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

sábado, 20 de agosto de 2011

Como hace 2.400 años


Como hace 2.400 años

DORILA VICTORIA FERNÁNDEZ-VIAGAS (Profesora de Lenguas Clásicas) - Coria del Río, Sevilla - 14/08/2011
A propósito del artículo de opinión de Mario Vargas Llosa -publicado en EL PAÍS el 31 de julio- sobre los efectos de Internet en nuestro cerebro, me dejó un poco perpleja el hecho de que hace más de 2.400 años los pensadores griegos clásicos, y concretamente Platón, hubieran advertido de peligros semejantes, en este caso referidos a la invención de la escritura.
Concretamente en el diálogo Fedro (274c-275a) dice Platón: "La escritura conserva la sabiduría y alarga el tiempo de los hombres más allá de su propia vida, pero esta confianza en la escritura puede provocar el olvido por dejación del esfuerzo". Igual que Vargas Llosa previene sobre el riesgo de trivializar el conocimiento y carencia de profundidad en el mismo al consumirlo con una rapidez no exenta a menudo de superficialidad, Platón advierte de que los hombres que fían todo a la escritura y no ejercitan la memoria y la reflexión, "habiendo oído hablar de muchas cosas sin instrucción, darán la impresión de conocer muchas cosas, a pesar de ser en su mayoría unos perfectos ignorantes y serán fastidiosos de tratar al haberse convertido en vez de sabios en hombres con la pretensión de serlo".
No obstante, los 2.400 años transcurridos invitan al optimismo, pues no cabe duda que la escritura representó una aportación esencial al saber, como sin duda lo son Internet y las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, aunque ello no sea óbice para reflexionar sobre el uso que se hace de las mismas.

Chromosomes and Cancer


Chromosomes and Cancer

Two new papers identify how abnormal chromosome count, or aneuploidy, might relate to cancer.

By Jef Akst | August 18, 2011
 
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Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons
Aneuploidy—when the cells of an organism contain more or fewer than the standard number of chromosomes for its species—is found in greater than 90 percent of all human cancers. But how exactly it relates to cancer, and whether it is a cause or merely a consequence of genomic instability, has long been a mystery. Two new studies published today (August 18) in Science show that it’s probably both, pointing to a gene defect that can cause aneuploidy, and elucidating the disastrous effects of aneuploidy on a cell’s genome.
“Aneuploidy is found in virtually all cancers, yet very little is known about its origins or its effects,” said a cancer biologist Bert Vogelstein at Johns Hopkins Medicine, who was not involved in the research. “These two papers provide some really excellent clues to what’s going on.”
The first paper, from Todd Waldman’s group at Georgetown University School of Medicine, identifies a potential cause of aneuploidy—a gene that encodes a protein subunit of the cohesin complex, which plays a key role in correctly separating sister chromatids during cell division. An MD/PhD student in Waldman’s lab, David Solomon, was examining brain tumors for missing genomic regions when he stumbled upon a sample that was missing the gene STAG2. He then looked at a dozen or so other brain tumors and found that several of them were similarly not expressing STAG2.
“And then we expanded our study to a variety of other tumor types and found that inactivation of STAG2 was actually quite common in a diverse range of human cancers,” Waldman said. Specifically, the team found evidence of mutated or missing STAG2 in some 20 percent of brain tumors, 20 percent of melanomas, and 20 percent of Ewing’s sarcomas, a pediatric tumor.
To see if this gene defect could indeed lead to the aneuploidy characteristic of the tumor cells they were examining, the researchers repaired STAG2 in two brain tumor lines, and found that the cells subsequently became less aneuploid. The cell populations showed less variation in the numbers of chromosomes they carried, and in some cases, the actual chromosome number was reduced, bringing it closer to normal. Conversely, when the team induced a STAG2 mutation in otherwise normal cells, the cells almost universally gained a chromosome. “I think that this work, together with some previous work, strongly implicates the inactivation of cohesin in general as a cause of aneuploidy in cancer,” Waldman said.
The second study looked at the consequences of aneuploidy. Geneticist Angelika Amon of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her colleagues had already shown that aneuploidy puts stress on the protein quality control pathways of the cell. “When you now have an extra chromosome or multiple extra chromosomes, all of a sudden thousands of proteins are imbalanced, and the cell has to deal with that,” she explained. “But we wanted to know if these protein imbalances could cause stress on the genome maintenance functions of the cell.”
So Amon and her team created haploid yeast cell lines with a single additional chromosome, and examined the cells for signs of genomic instability. Sure enough, the aneuploid yeast lines showed increased chromosomal instability, increased mitotic recombination, and increased structural abnormalities, such as those caused by double-strand breaks in the DNA. “Aneuploidy impacts basically all genome replication and segregation functions,” Amon said.
Exactly how an abnormal number of chromosomes causes such instability is unclear. One possibility is that having too many copies of a particular gene or set of genes increases the chance of genomic disruption. Or, the stress that results from the imbalance of protein levels overall could somehow lead to genomic instability. Additionally, it could simply be the increased number of chromosomes that causes the problem.
“I think the Amon paper emphasizes this, that cells with grossly abnormal numbers of chromosomes have some level of chromosome instability just by virtue of their abnormal chromosome count,” Waldman said. “When cells are in a state of aneuploidy, their mitotic machinery gets somewhat confused by the abnormal chromosome count and that perpetuates the instability.”
These results were obtained in haploid yeast cells, however, which is “a fairly reductionist model system,” said cell biologist Duane Compton at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, who did not participate in the study. “So the overall implications for human cancer are really not entirely clear.” Human cells, for example, have mechanisms that guard against such genomic chaos, such as the tumor suppressor protein p53, which signals the cells to stop dividing once the genome gets to be in such disarray.
Still, “I find the observation very, very interesting,” Compton said. “Waldman is showing that there’s a single gene mutation that causes aneuploidy. Amon is saying if you’re aneuploid, you get all sorts of other genomic changes. Taken together, the grand implication is that mutation of one single gene can be responsible for all sorts of instability seen in tumors, which to me is extraordinary.” Clearly there are some holes to fill in—namely whether aneuploidy will similarly cause genomic instability in mammalian cells, he added, but “if that were true, it would be hugely powerful.”
J.M. Sheltzer et al., “Aneuploidy drives genomic instability in yeast,” Science, 333: 1026-30, 2011.
D.A. Solomon et al., “Mutational inactivation of STAG2 causes aneuploidy in human cancer,” Science, 333: 1039-43, 2011.

Desintermediación en industria de la comunicación / Sobrevivir al postdigitalismo.


Desintermediación en industria de la comunicación / Sobrevivir al postdigitalismo.
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Los productores de este Digitalismo.com, Carlos Scolari y un servidor, escogemos agosto para viajar en familia, participar en eventos en América Latina, disfrutar del verano europeo y pensar el próximo ciclo profesional que comienza en septiembre. Tiempo de relax y ocio creativo. Poca producción real. Eso disminuye a casi cero la escritura en nuestro blog. Así que para no quedar desconectados con nuestros fieles lectores -sobre todo los del hemiesferio sur que no están de vacaciones- va una breve selección de 10 post que he escrito durante 2011 y que quiero re-compartir con vosotros. En septiembre volveremos a toda máquina con nuestro ritmo de producción habitual. Y siempre felices de estar aquí.











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SÁBADO 20 DE AGOSTO DE 2011

FEAPS, cuadernos de buenas prácticas

La mayoría de vosotros ya los conocereís, algunas vez os he hablado de esta entidad, se trata de FEAPS, la Federación de Organizaciones en favor de Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual. Se trata de una ONG que defiende los derechos de las personas con diversidad intelectual o del desarrollo y de sus familiares.

Os enlazo varios documentos relacionados en su filosofía, además de su web:



Hoy me gustaría presentarios los Cuadernos de Buenas Prácticas que han editado, unas monografías muy prácticas con un enfoque realista. Las enlazo a continuación. Espero os sean útiles.

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Guía REINE. Reflexión Ética sobre la Inclusión en la Escuela  
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