jueves, 23 de junio de 2011

Book Review


Book News and Reviews
Thor Hanson
Kathleen Ballard Photography
Thor Hanson
BOOKS OF THE TIMES

‘Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle’

The biologist Thor Hanson assembles an overview of the structural marvel that is the feather.
CHILDREN’S BOOKS

Picture Books About Farm Animals

“Farmyard Beat” and “Moo, Moo, Brown Cow, Have You Any Milk” invite young readers to sing along.
BLUNT Chad Kultgen's third novel, “Men, Women and Children,” went on sale this week. His first, “The Average American Male,” sold 100,000 copies.

A Raw Voice of Young Manhood Makes a Bid for Literary Respect

In his third novel, Chad Kultgen tries to be “something more substantial.”
Eva Gabrielsson, who lived with the Swedish author Stieg Larsson for 32 years before his death in 2004, said she has a laptop with a manuscript of his unpublished fourth novel.

The Girl Who Cast a Viking Spell

The longtime companion of Stieg Larsson, the posthumously best-selling author of the Millennium trilogy, has resorted to unusual means to win control of Larsson’s literary legacy.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Suzanne Fagence Cooper

‘Effie’

A biography of Effie Gray, whose marriage to the Victorian critic John Ruskin notoriously ran aground.
To see authors at Kepler's Books in Menlo Park, Calif., customers can buy a gift card or the book.

Come Meet the Author, but Open Your Wallet

To increase revenue, independent bookstores are charging for author events.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Adam Ross

‘Ladies and Gentlemen: Stories’

This collection of stories by Adam Ross underscores the same dark view of human relationships that animated his debut novel, “Mr. Peanut.”
BOOKS
A cape weaver building its intricate nest.

A Feat of Engineering That Doubles as a Home

“Avian Architecture” provides what it calls “case studies” of each of 10 broad categories of nests, with photographs and detailed drawings.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Lee Martin

‘Break the Skin’

In “Break the Skin” Lee Martin weaves the stories of two women to explore the evils that can lie beneath the banality of small-town life.
THE MEDIA EQUATION

Ugly Details in Selling Newspapers

James O’Shea reported out the deals that tipped over the owners of The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune.
BOOKSHELF
SCANDAL Augusta Nack, the center of an 1897 love triangle.

Femme Fatale of a Newspaper War

Books about the dawn of the tabloid wars, enduring sights of historic Dutch New York and civil rights in the city.
The writer Donald Windham, who died last year, in 1991.

A Writer’s Estate to Yield $150,000 Literary Prizes

A surprise from the estate of the memoirist Donald Windham: at least $1 million a year in grants to writers.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Scott Carney

‘The Red Market’

The journalist Scott Carney reports on the grisly market for human body parts.
Files from Timothy Leary's archive.

New York Public Library Buys Timothy Leary’s Papers

The archive of the drug guru Timothy Leary includes accounts of Allen Ginsburg’s and Jack Kerouac’s experiments with psilocybin.
Elaine Sciolino

‘La Seduction: How the French Play the Game of Life’

The Times’s Elaine Sciolino explains the French art de vivre.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Bob Mould

‘See a Little Light’

The Hüsker Dü guitarist Bob Mould traces his career and life in and out of the closet in “See a Little Light.”
Hugo Mercier is among the researchers now asserting that reason evolved to win arguments, not seek truth.

Reason Seen More as Weapon Than Path to Truth

Rationality evolved to win arguments, some scholars suggest, and flawed reasoning is itself an adaptation.
Sunday Book Review
Adam Cohen

‘Ten Thousand Saints’

Eleanor Henderson’s fierce, elegiac novel follows a group of friends, lovers, parents and children through the straight-edge music scene and the early days of the AIDS epidemic.

‘The Secret Knowledge’

David Mamet comes out swinging against liberalism, offering his views on religion and American culture.
Ann Patchett

‘State of Wonder’

Ann Patchett’s heroine, on the trail of a reclusive scientist in the Amazon, faces demons real and imagined.
Malcolm X in 1961.

‘Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention’

Manning Marable’s biography of Malcolm X draws upon letters, diaries, F.B.I. reports and interviews with contemporaries to trace his career and illuminate his intellectual and spiritual development.
Sibling rival: Heinrich Mann was a good writer rather than a great one.

‘House of Exile’

The cultural diaspora of the Nazi years, through the eyes of Thomas Mann’s brother and unlikely sister-in-law.
Robert Jay Lifton in 1976.

‘Witness to an Extreme Century’

A memoir by Robert Jay Lifton, a leading “psychohistorian” who studied how individuals have coped with extreme circumstances: war, torture, genocide.

‘A Wild Surge of Guilty Passion’

A sensational Jazz Age crime that also inspired James M. Cain and William Styron is the basis for Ron Hansen’s propulsive novel.
“Pornography masquerading as intellectual inquiry”: a photograph of a patient at Salpêtrière, titled “Onset of an Attack: Cry,” by Paul Regnard (circa 1878).

‘Medical Muses: Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century Paris’

Asti Hustvedt examines the dubious research of a 19th-century French doctor who used hypnosis to induce hysteria in female subjects.
Members of the Fundamental Fysiks Group, circa 1975; clockwise from left: Jack Sarfatti, Saul-Paul Sirag, Nick Herbert and Fred Alan Wolf.

‘How the Hippies Saved Physics’

In the 1970s, eccentric young scientists challenged convention and re-energized modern physics.
A “Parliament of Ladyes,” woodcut frontispiece from a royalist pamphlet (1647).

‘Separated by Their Sex’

Between 1640 and 1760, Mary Beth Norton contends, men were increasingly viewed as public beings and women as private ones.

‘Vaclav & Lena’

A first novel about young love in a Russian émigré community.
German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in late 1941.

‘The Storm of War’

This clear, accessible account of World War II asks how the Wehrmacht, the best fighting force, wound up losing.
Jogger case protesters in Manhattan on Dec. 5, 2002.

‘The Central Park Five’

This is the first sustained treatment of the Central Park jogger case since the defendants’ convictions were vacated.
Children’s Books

Paradoxical Stories for Children

A dreamy experience: from “The Lying Carpet.”
A dreamy experience: from “The Lying Carpet.”
“The Lying Carpet” and “The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland in a Ship of Her Own Making” celebrate paradox and the transformative power of storytelling.

‘Junonia’

A blossoming 10-year-old seeks a rare seashell in this middle grade novel.
In “999 Tadpoles,” a sprawling frog family outgrows its pond and sets off in search of more spacious quarters.

Picture Books About Frogs

“Leap Back Home to Me” and “999 Tadpoles” involve little frogs and the security that family brings.

Picture Books About the Backyard

“My Baby Blue Jays” chronicles a family of birds living on the author’s balcony; and “How Things Work in the Ward” explains the everyday mysteries of acorns, dandelions, rocks and dirt.

Health review


The E. coli O104:H4 strain has a pattern that looks like a stack of bricks on cultured intestinal epithelial cells.
University Hospital M�nster/Institute for Hygiene
The E. coli O104:H4 strain has a pattern that looks like a stack of bricks on cultured intestinal epithelial cells.
Scientists say that the combination may be what made the outbreak among the deadliest in recent history.
KHIRBET AL-JOUZ JOURNAL
A patient being cared for in a clinic at the Khirbet al-Jouz refugee camp. The poor conditions “really could put people's lives at risk,” Human Rights Watch says.

Need Overwhelms Makeshift Clinic in Syria Camp

Activists say there is an acute need for care in makeshift refugee camps scattered on the Syrian side of the border.
The different images, to be shown on packs of cigarettes beginning in 2012, have been opposed by the tobacco industry.

U.S. Releases Graphic Images to Deter Smokers

Nine images — one of a corpse and another of a man with a tracheotomy opening in his neck — are to appear on cigarette packages next year.

Senators Seek Information on Side Effects of Medtronic Bone-Growth Product

Senator Max Baucus, Democrat of Montana, said reports that doctors on Medtronic’s payroll might have hidden side effects were “deeply troubling.”

Britain: New Smoking Ban Is Pressed

British lawmakers agreed on Wednesday to consider outlawing smoking in private vehicles carrying children, to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke.
WELL

Keeping Score on How You Take Your Medicine

The new FICO Medication Adherence Score can predict which patients are at highest risk for skipping or incorrectly using prescription medications, the company says.
Scientists have engineered two worm neurons to glow bright green if a neuron responds when the worm is exposed to certain chemicals.

In Tiny Worm, Unlocking Secrets of the Brain

Studying the nervous system of the roundworm is a promising approach for understanding the human brain.
Chris Bernard
One of the most widely known rules in running, the 10 percent rule, may not have any benefit, according to researchers.
ON VIEW

Spoonfuls of Medicine, Marketed for Centuries

The art exhibit “Health for Sale: Posters from the William H. Helfand Collection” at the Philadelphia Museum of Art is gorgeous and fiercely funny.

Support Is Mutual for Senator and Utah Industry

Senator Orrin G. Hatch has helped the nutritional supplement industry, and been rewarded with donations.
RECIPES FOR HEALTH

Asparagus Rolled in Herb Crêpes

Andrew Scrivani for The New York Times
These crepes make a wonderful main course for a vegetarian dinner party.

Treatment May Help Ease Effect of Cancer

An experimental surgical procedure offers hope of a cure for one of the most dreaded side effects of breast cancer treatment — the arm pain that’s often caused by removing lymph nodes.

F.D.A. Confronts Challenge of Monitoring Imports

The F.D.A. released a special report on how to deal with effectively inspecting the growing flood of imported food and drugs coming into the United States.

Once Rare, Infection by Tick Bites Spreads

Another infection caused by tick bites is spreading in the Lower Hudson Valley, and in other parts of the Northeast and the Upper Midwest.

Science news


OBSERVATORY
At least four distinct plumes of water ice spew out from the polar region of Saturn's moon Enceladus.

Icy Saturn Moon May Have Ocean Beneath Its Surface

A new analysis of particles ejected from Saturn’s moon Enceladus suggests there is a salt-water ocean feeding its geyserlike plumes.

Unusual Traits Blended in Germany E. Coli Strain

Scientists say that the combination may be what made the outbreak among the deadliest in recent history.

Albany Mulls Altering Way State Permits Power Plants

As the legislative session drew to a close, lawmakers considered a bill to encourage more efficient power plants and help utility customers make improvements to their homes.
OBSERVATORY
A brood of blue-footed boobies on Isla Isabel, Mexico.

Bird Study Suggests Effects of Childhood Bullying Don’t Last

A new study of blue-footed boobies suggests that bullying in childhood does not affect the aggression levels of adult birds.
SCIENTIST AT WORK BLOG
An adult Damba (Paretroplus damii) from Lake Andrapongy.

How Agriculture Affects Endemic Fish

Although dams in Madagascar often provide water needed for village rice production, they often have devastating environmental consequences, including extinction of endemic fishes.
Al Gore during a speech in March. His Rolling Stone essay published Wednesday signaled a public turning point.

Gore Criticizes Obama For Record on Climate

In an essay for Rolling Stone, former Vice President Al Gore writes that President Obama has failed to act decisively to alter policies on global warming and energy.

Magnetic Field Sensed by Gene, Study Shows

A researcher suggests that humans, like butterflies and other animals, can sense the earth’s magnetic field and use it to navigate.
Science Times: June 21, 2011
Scientists have engineered two worm neurons to glow bright green if a neuron responds when the worm is exposed to certain chemicals.
Scientists have engineered two worm neurons to glow bright green if a neuron responds when the worm is exposed to certain chemicals.
Studying the nervous system of the roundworm is a promising approach for understanding the human brain.
LAST CASE Frank Bender in Philadelphia with his bust of a missing woman.

Recomposing Life’s Details From Scraps

Frank Bender, a forensic sculptor, is trying to help investigators identify a woman whose decomposed remains were found by a deer hunter in 2001.
BOOKS
A cape weaver building its intricate nest.

A Feat of Engineering That Doubles as a Home

“Avian Architecture” provides what it calls “case studies” of each of 10 broad categories of nests, with photographs and detailed drawings.
Health News
William H. Helfand Collection/Philadelphia Museum of Art
The art exhibit “Health for Sale: Posters from the William H. Helfand Collection” at the Philadelphia Museum of Art is gorgeous and fiercely funny.
WELL

Keeping Score on How You Take Your Medicine

The new FICO Medication Adherence Score can predict which patients are at highest risk for skipping or incorrectly using prescription medications, the company says.

Treatment May Help Ease Effect of Cancer

An experimental surgical procedure offers hope of a cure for one of the most dreaded side effects of breast cancer treatment — the arm pain that’s often caused by removing lymph nodes.
CASES

Stereotyping Patients, and Their Ailments

Because his care givers relied too much on assumptions, a drug user who served time in jail spent eight years in treatment for H.I.V. infection, needlessly.

Prevención del adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas


La prestigiosa revista Cancer Cell publica en su último número correspondiente la mes de junio una investigación realizada en el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) bajo la dirección de Carmen Guerra y Mariano Barbacid, del Grupo de Oncología Experimental en colaboración con el Grupo de Supresión Tumoral que dirige Manuel Serrano, y con Manuel Rodríguez-Justo, del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de Londres.
FUENTE | CNIO22/06/2011
Este trabajo aporta datos relevantes sobre la relación entre la presencia de mutaciones en el oncogén K-Ras, la pancreatitis esporádica (no crónica) y el riesgo de sufrir un adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas.
Este tipo de cáncer, el más frecuente entre los tumores de páncreas, es uno de los que tiene peor pronóstico debido en parte a que suele detectarse cuando la enfermedad está muy avanzada. De hecho, a pesar de que la incidencia de este tipo de tumor lo sitúa en el puesto décimo en los países occidentales, es el cuarto en el ranking de mortalidad, con unos índices de supervivencia a cinco años que apenas alcanza el 5%.
Durante la última década se han producido importantes avances en el estudio de este tipo de tumor, sobre todo gracias a la posibilidad de reproducir fielmente su patología en modelos experimentales de ratón genéticamente manipulados en los que un oncogene K-Ras se activaba durante el desarrollo embrionario en las células precursoras del páncreas. Investigaciones posteriores realizadas por Carmen Guerra y Mariano Barbacid y publicadas en 2007 demostraban que en ratones adultos la formación de tumores requería además del oncogene K-Ras, una pancreatitis crónica, un proceso inflamatorio acompañado de daño celular.

En este nuevo trabajo del Grupo de Oncología Experimental, en colaboración con el equipo de Manuel Serrano, se describe cómo breves ataques de pancreatitis, aún sin producir ningún signo externo de enfermedad, también representan un riesgo para el desarrollo del adenocarcinoma de páncreas siempre que coincidan con mutaciones en oncogenes K-Ras. "Estos breves ataques de pancreatitis", aclara Mariano Barbacid, "promueven el desarrollo tumoral inhibiendo la senescencia celular, un mecanismo de defensa antitumoral presente en las lesiones pre-neoplásicas que fue originalmente descrito por Manuel Serrano". 
Según este trabajo, el responsable de inhibir la senescencia, y por tanto de facilitar la progresión tumoral, es el proceso inflamatorio inducido por la pancreatitis. Así, el tratamiento de ratones portadores de oncogenesK-Ras y que han sufrido un proceso temporal de pancreatitis con Sulindac, un agente anti-inflamatorio que inhibe los enzimas Cox-1 y Cox-2, redujo significativamente el desarrollo de lesiones pre-neoplásicas así como su progresión a tumores avanzados. 

VALIDACIÓN EN BIOPSIAS DE PACIENTES 

Quizás la parte más interesante de este trabajo resida en la validación de estos resultados experimentales con biopsias de pacientes de pancreatitis que presentaban lesiones preneoplásicas. Este estudio, realizado en colaboración con el doctor Manuel Rodríguez-Justo del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de Londres (University College London, UCL), demostró que las lesiones preneoplásicas que expresaban marcadores de senescencia, y por lo tanto eran poco proliferativas, correspondían a pacientes que habían recibido una terapia anti-inflamatoria. Por el contrario, las biopsias procedentes de pacientes que no habían recibido dicha terapia, no presentaban senescencia y eran altamente positivos para marcadores de proliferación celular.

Estos resultados sugieren que el tratamiento con anti-inflamatorios de pacientes que hayan sufrido ataques de pancreatitis, aún en su forma mas benigna, podría reducir el riesgo de desarrollar adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas. Basado en estos datos preliminares "sería importante hacer un estudio prospectivo para determinar de forma inequívoca el beneficio de las terapias anti-inflamatorias en la reducción del riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de páncreas en personas que sufran algún proceso de pancreatitis, por muy benigno que este sea", concluye Barbacid.

Pancreatitis-induced Inflammation Contributes to Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Oncogene-Induced Senescence. 
Carmen Guerra, Manuel Collado, Carolina Navas, Alberto J Schumacher, Isabel Hernández-Porras, Marta Cañamero, Manuel Rodríguez-Justo, Manuel Serrano y Mariano Barbacid.
Cancer Cell, vol., 19, pp. 728-739, junio de 2011.

Manejo farmacoterapéutico del dolor incidental en pacientes con dolor crónico persistente


Manejo farmacoterapéutico del dolor incidental en pacientes con dolor crónico persistente
Pharmacotherapeutic management of breakthrough pain in patients with chronic persistent pain.
Fishbain DA.
Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, 304A Dominion Tower, 1400 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA. dfishbain@med.miami.edu
Am J Manag Care. 2008 May;14(5 Suppl 1):S123-8
Abstract
Breakthrough pain (BTP) is experienced by many patients being treated with opioids for the management of chronic persistent pain. Control of BTP has been problematic since, until recently, the pharmacokinetics of older treatments was largely incompatible with the onset and duration of these pain episodes. Newer agents are now available that better approximate the timing of BTP episodes, and their use is increasingly being integrated into opioid-based pain management strategies. Successful management of BTP can improve treatment satisfaction and the quality of life of patients with chronic persistent pain of both cancer and noncancer origins. This article reviews the types of BTP, the therapeutic options available to manage BTP, and the tools designed to detect and minimize the risk of aberrant drug-related behaviors potentially associated with opioid medications.

http://www.ajmc.com/media/pdf/A199_Fishbain.pdf

Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

Artículos Valorados Críticamente

De: evidenciasenpediatria@exlibrisediciones.com
Enviado: miércoles, 22 de junio de 2011 3:15
Para: williamarellanos@gmail.com
Asunto: Evidencias en Pediatría:  Avance del número de Septiembre de 2011, volumen 7,  número 3


TOMA DE DECISIONES CLÍNICAS BASADAS EN PRUEBAS CIENTÍFICAS
EVIDENCIAS EN PEDIATRIA
Estimado lector:

Nos complace informarle de que, desde hoy, puede consultarse en  "Evidencias en Pediatría" dos nuevos artículos correspondientes al número de septiembre de 2011.


Atentamente,

Equipo Editorial de “Evidencias en Pediatría”

Fecha de la actualización: 22 de junio de 2011
Artículos Valorados Críticamente
 
Los adolescentes que sufren acoso escolar tienen más ideas suicidas
Velarde Mayol C, González Rodriguez MP. Los adolescentes que sufren acoso escolar tienen más ideas suicidas. Evid Pediatr. 2011;7:59.
 
Artículos traducidos
 
Eficacia y seguridad de los fármacos antiobesidad en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Esparza Olcina MJ. Eficacia y seguridad de los fármacos anti-obesidad en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Evid Pediatr. 2011;7:74.