sábado, 26 de marzo de 2011

Estilo: manual para nuevos medios

Altamente recomendable para todos aquellos interesados en escribir lo mejor posible en estos nuevos (o ya no tanto) inventos que son los blogs, Twitter, y similares,

Estilo: manual para nuevos medios es un proyecto que ha puesto en marcha la Fundéu BBVA, la Fundación de el Español Urgente, con el objeto de recopilar «ideas, consejos, preguntas, dudas e instrucciones para todos aquellos que estén interesados en mejorar su comunicación a través de Internet, los nuevos medios y las redes sociales.»
La idea es construir de forma participativa «una guía viva en la red sobre los nuevos usos, las nuevas formas de lectura y el nuevo público».
La Fundéu también tiene un servicio de consultas en línea, y además responde a las que se le hagan vía @Fundeu.

¿Se pasan las páginas en internet?

Los medios tradicionales resuelven el pase de página con fórmulas como sigue en la pág. x, pasa a la pág. xo, simplemente, página x. Pero, y en la web ¿qué hacemos?

Errores típicos de la jerga deportiva (1)
En el fútbol los jugadores se alinean, se enfrentan o se arriesgan, pero los periodistas y blogueros que escriben sobre el deporte rey suelen olvidar los pronombres cuando conjugan esos verbos: los pronominales.
Gramática de Twitter: 10 claves para leer mejor
Una de las primeras cosas que sacrificamos cuando tenemos mucho para decir y poco espacio en blanco es la claridad. Los avisos clasificados son un ejemplo clásico. Pero la civilización viene lidiando con el asunto desde mucho antes.
«tuitero», «tuitear», «tuiteo» y «retuiteo»
La Fundéu BBVA publicó hace unos meses una recomendación en la que proponía las adaptacionestuitero/-a, tuitear, tuiteo y retuiteo para las actividades relacionadas con la red social Twitter.
Escritura correcta de los acrónimos
La Fundación del Español Urgente recomienda que los acrónimos, cuando se trate de nombres propios y tengan más de cuatro letras (como Fitur), se escriban con inicial mayúscula y el resto en minúsculas.
COMENTARIOS
Recomendaciones de Hipertextual
Escribir una entrada para un blog
Una entrada de un blog debe mantener el equilibrio entre el tono profesional de un medio tradicional y la informalidad de la conversación hablada, conservando la calidez que caracteriza a Internet.
Utilización de la @ para integrar los dos géneros
Es muy habitual leer «compañer@s» en escritos y comunicados, pero no es correcto.
El blog del manual
Hoy 21 de marzo de 2011, fecha en la que comienza la primavera (o el otoño dependiendo del hemisferio) y que, como todos los años, se celebra el día mundial de la poesía, empieza su andadura este blog, núcleo de lo que será en unos meses Estilo: manual para nuevos medios, que la Fundéu BBVA ha puesto en marcha.

Uso exitoso de dexmedetomidina para sedación de un neonato con edad gestacional de 24 semanas

Usos clínicos de dexmedetomidina en pacientes pediátricos

Clinical uses of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients.
Phan H, Nahata MC.
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Paediatr Drugs. 2008;10(1):49-69
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is being used off-label as an adjunctive agent for sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients in the critical care unit and for sedation during non-invasive procedures in radiology. It also has a potential role as part of anesthesia care to prevent emergence delirium and postanesthesia shivering. Dexmedetomidine is currently approved by the US FDA for sedation only in adults undergoing mechanical ventilation for <24 hours. Pediatric experiences in the literature are in the form of small studies and case reports. In patients sedated for mechanical ventilation and/or opioid/benzodiazepine withdrawal, the loading dose ranged from 0.5 to 1 microg/kg and was usually administered over 10 minutes, although not all patients received loading doses. This patient group also received a continuous infusion at rates ranging from 0.2 to 2 microg/kg/h, with higher rates used in burn patients and those with withdrawal following > or =24 hours of opioid/benzodiazepine infusion. The dexmedetomidine dosage used for anesthesia and sedation during non-invasive procedures, such as radiologic studies, ranged from a loading dose of 1-2 microg/kg followed by a continuous infusion at 0.5-1.14 microg/kg/h, with most patients spontaneously breathing. For invasive procedures, such as awake craniotomy or cardiac catheterization, dosage ranged from a loading dose of 0.15 to 1 microg/kg followed by a continuous infusion at 0.1-2 microg/kg/h. Adverse hemodynamic and respiratory effects were minimal; the agent was well tolerated in most patients. The efficacy of dexmedetomidine varied depending on the clinical situation: efficacy was greatest during non-invasive procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lowest during invasive procedures, such as cardiac catheterization. Dexmedetomidine may be useful in pediatric patients for sedation in a variety of clinical situations. The literature suggests potential use of dexmedetomidine as an adjunctive agent to other sedatives during mechanical ventilation and opioid/benzodiazepine withdrawal. In addition, because of its minimal respiratory effects, dexmedetomidine has also been used as a single agent for sedation during non-invasive procedures such as MRI. However, additional studies in pediatric patients are warranted to further evaluate its safety and efficacy in all age ranges.

http://adisonline.com/pediatrics/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=10010&article=00006&type=abstract

Uso exitoso de dexmedetomidina para sedación de un neonato con edad gestacional de 24 semanas.

Successful use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in a 24-week gestational age neonate.
O'Mara K, Gal P, Ransommd JL, Wimmermd JE Jr, Carlosmd RQ, Dimaguilamd MA, Davonzomd C, Smithmd M.
Women's Hospital of Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Oct;43(10):1707-13. Epub 2009 Sep 15.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of dexmedetomidine use for sedation in a 24-week gestational age premature neonate. CASE SUMMARY: A 9-day-old, 24-week gestational age male neonate on high-frequency oscillatory mechanical ventilation was experiencing severe agitation refractory to high-dose intravenous narcotics and benzodiazepines. Since the infant's respiratory stability was reliant on adequate sedation, he was given dexmedetomidine after several days of suboptimal response to escalation of standard agents. Treatment prior to dexmedetomidine included continuous-infusion fentanyl 10 microg/kg/h, intravenous lorazepam 0.6 mg/kg every 4 hours, intermittent doses of both lorazepam and midazolam as needed, and a single bolus dose of phenobarbital. The patient calmed markedly during the dexmedetomidine loading dose infusion and remained adequately sedated while the drug was continued. The dexmedetomidine infusion allowed weaning of mechanical ventilation settings and eventual extubation of the infant, as well as rapid tapering of other sedative medications. The maximum dexmedetomidine infusion rate was 0.7 microg/kg/h, and total duration of therapy was 19 days. No significant adverse effects were directly attributed to dexmedetomidine use during this time. DISCUSSION: Dexmedetomidine is a novel alpha(2)-agonist approved for short-term sedation in mechanically ventilated adults. Data describing its use in pediatric and neonatal patients continue to emerge. The prolonged use of dexmedetomidine in very-low-birth-weight neonates has not been described in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine was an effective sedative and analgesic in a 24-week gestational age neonate treated for refractory agitation while on mechanical ventilation. Based on its documented efficacy for pain and sedation and its favorable adverse effect profile, dexmedetomidine warrants further study as first-line or adjunct therapy with narcotics for sedation in ventilated newborns

http://www.theannals.com/cgi/reprint/43/10/1707

Anestesia para estimulación cerebral profunda en niños

Anesthesia for pediatric deep brain stimulation.
Sebeo J, Deiner SG, Alterman RL, Osborn IP.
Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2010;2010. pii: 401419. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
Abstract
In patients refractory to medical therapy, deep brain stimulations (DBSs) have emerged as the treatment of movement disorders particularly Parkinson's disease. Their use has also been extended in pediatric and adult patients to treat epileptogenic foci. We here performed a retrospective chart review of anesthesia records from 28 pediatric cases of patients who underwent DBS implantation for dystonia using combinations of dexmedetomidine and propofol-based anesthesia. Complications with anesthetic techniques including airway and cardiovascular difficulties were analyzed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931390/pdf/ARP2010-401419.pdf

Atentamente

Dr. Enrique Hernández-Cortez

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

www.anestesia-dolor.org

Mosquito needle helps take sting out of injections

You will barely notice (Image: David Scharf/SPL)

Mosquito needle helps take sting out of injections

24 March 2011 by Paul Marks
Magazine issue 2804. Subscribe and save

LOOK away now if you are afraid of needles. A motorised, harpoon-like needle sounds painful, but in fact hurts far less than a regular injection because it resembles a mosquito's mouth parts.

Seiji Aoyagi and colleagues at Kansai University in Osaka, Japan, have developed a needle that mimics a mosquito's proboscis, which is serrated and barely touches the skin so you don't feel the initial bite. A smooth hypodermic, on the other hand, leaves a lot of metal in contact with the skin, stimulating the nerves and causing pain.

Aoyagi hopes his design could help diabetic people who have to take blood samples. Etched from silicon, the needle imitates three of the creature's seven mobile mouthparts: the two serrated maxillae and the tubular labrum(see diagram).

Unlike Aoyagi's previous attempts to mimic a mosquito's bite, each of these parts is driven by tiny motors based on lead zirconium titanate (PZT) - a piezoelectric crystal that expands very slightly when you apply an alternating voltage (Sensors and Actuators, DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2010.02.010). The vibrations of the crystal can be used as a simple motor to control how the needle enters the skin.

The sections of the needle break the skin in the same sequence as they do with a mosquito, vibrating at about 15 hertz to ease it into the skin - as observed in mosquitoes under high-speed video microscopes. Aoyagi has tested his needle on himself and three volunteers, who agree that the pain is much reduced but lasts longer than with a conventional syringe. He thinks that by mimicking more of the creature's mouthparts, including an addition to steady the needle's entry, he'll be able to reduce that dull pain.

Microfluidics engineer Suman Chakraborty of the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, who has also worked on similar designs in the past, is impressed by Aoyagi's progress. "It's a substantial move towards improving the technology," he says.

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Radiación se dispara en Fukushima

De acuerdo con la Agencia de Seguridad Nuclear de Japón, el nivel de yodo radioactivo excede mil 250 veces el límite legal en aguas marinas cercanas a la planta nuclear

TOKIO | Viernes 25 de marzo de 2011EFE | El Universal20:58

La Agencia de Seguridad Nuclear de Japón informó este viernes que se detectó una concentración de yodo radiactivo mil 250 veces superior al límite legal en aguas marinas cercanas a la planta nuclear de Fukushima, al noreste de Japón.

En una rueda de prensa, un portavoz de este organismo detalló que estos niveles se detectaron a primera hora de este viernes en muestras de agua marina recogidas muy cerca de la central nuclear, en las que el jueves la concentración de yodo radiactivo era 140 veces superior al límite.

El nivel detectado hoy supone que, si un adulto bebiera medio litro de esta agua, recibiría una radiactividad de un milisievert, detalló el portavoz.

En la planta de energía atómica de Fukushima los operarios continúan los esfuerzos para restablecer el sistema de refrigeración de los reactores, dañado por el devastador terremoto y el tsunami que el 11 de marzo asolaron el noreste de Japón.

Este jueves se detectaron altos niveles de radiactividad en agua acumulada en varios lugares de la central, que obligaron a hospitalizar a dos operadores e impidieron proseguir los trabajos dirigidos a activar las bombas de agua.

Ahora la empresa analiza cómo retirar el agua contaminada que se ha detectado en las salas de turbinas de varios reactores.

Mientras tanto, continúa la inyección de agua desde camiones para evitar un sobrecalentamiento: este viernes se comenzó a verter agua dulce sobre las unidades 1 y 3, en lugar de agua marina, para evitar que la sal cristalizada bloquee válvulas o tuberías.

Se hará lo mismo con el reactor 2, al que además se prevé devolver parcialmente la electricidad en la sala de control, algo que ya se ha logrado en los reactores 1 y 3.

El reactor 3 está considerado el más peligroso porque es el único que además de uranio contiene plutonio.

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