DIA MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD SEXUAL

SEPTIEMBRE 4 2011: WORLD SEXUAL HEALTH DAY. DIA MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD SEXUAL

El próximo 4 de Septiembre de 2011, la World Association for Sexual Health (WAS)/Asociación Mundial para la Salud Sexual, estará festejando el Segundo Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual con el tema: “La salud sexual de lo(a)s jóvenes: Derechos y responsabilidades compartido(a)s”.

De acuerdo al Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA), hoy día más de mil 500 millones de personas tienen entre 10 y 25 años de edad. Es la generación de jóvenes más grande de la historia.
Los jóvenes pueden verse afectados por muchas problemáticas sexuales, pero también pueden convertirse en poderosos activistas de salud sexual, como sus acciones han demostrado en los últimos años.

Es por ello que recientemente la WAS estableció su propia Iniciativa Juvenil, desarrollada por Antón Castellanos Usigli, un joven mexicano de 22 años, y por Esther Corona Vargas, Coordinadora Ejecutiva de la WAS. En mayo de 2011, y tomando en cuenta criterios de representación geográfica y balance de género, el Comité Ejecutivo de la WAS promovió la integración del Comité de Iniciativa Juvenil formado por 10 jóvenes de 9 países, más Antón Castellanos Usigli y Esther Corona Vargas como los Co-Presidentes, para favorecer el trabajo y el intercambio de ideas y experiencias entre un joven y un adulto. Este Comité fue ratificado por la Asamblea General de la WAS en Glasgow, Junio de 2011.

En el contexto de la recién establecida Iniciativa Juvenil de la WAS, así como del Año Internacional de la Juventud decretado por Naciones Unidas (12 de agosto de 2010-11 de agosto de 2011), la WAS festeja el Segundo Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual con el tema: “La salud sexual de lo(a)s jóvenes: Derechos y responsabilidades compartido(a)s”.

Te invitamos a reflexionar con nosotros:

• ¿Cuáles son algunos de los más grandes retos de salud sexual que la gente joven enfrenta hoy en día?


• ¿Qué es lo que realmente se necesita para contrarrestar estos problemas?


• ¿Cuáles son algunas de las responsabilidades que los jóvenes necesitan asumir para mejorar la salud sexual de la sociedad?


• ¿A qué grado los jóvenes conocen y ejercen sus derechos sexuales?


• ¿Cómo imaginas futuras generaciones de jóvenes en términos de salud sexual?

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Poor mental health and prenatal smoke exposure

2011-08-31 07:51

Updated: 2011-08-31 07:50

(China Daily)

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Kids whose moms smoked while pregnant were more likely to end up on medications such as antidepressants, stimulants and drugs for addiction in a new study from Finland that hints at maternal smoking's effect on a baby's developing brain.

While the findings don't prove that cigarette smoking during pregnancy causes changes in kids' brains or behavior, they offer one more piece of evidence that should encourage women not to light up while pregnant, the researchers write in the American Journal of Epidemiology.

The new study is "entirely consistent with a large and still-growing research literature on the effects of prenatal and secondhand smoke exposure on the mental health of children", says Dr Michael Weitzman, who studies that topic at New York University Medical Center and was not involved in the new study.

"I found it very interesting and very important," Weitzman says.

The research, he adds, is the first he knows of that looks specifically at use of psychiatric medications in kids whose moms had smoked.

That is important, the authors note, because tracking medication prescriptions may pick up on more mild conditions than studies that only include kids who are hospitalized for mental illness, for example.

Mikael Ekblad of Turku University Hospital and colleagues used Finnish data for 175,000 kids born in the country between 1987 and 1989. At that time, midwives had asked all new mothers if they smoked during pregnancy.

The researchers then matched those birth records to a nationwide database of prescription drugs covered by insurance between 1994 and 2007 - when the children were between 5 and 20 years old.

One in 11 children was prescribed a psychiatric medication at some point during that period, including anti-anxiety drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, stimulants and drugs for addiction.

Of kids and teens whose moms didn't smoke during pregnancy, 8 percent were on at least one of those drugs during the study period.

That compared to 11 percent of those whose moms smoked less than 10 cigarettes a day, and close to 14 percent whose moms had lit up more than 10 times per day.

The link remained when researchers left out babies who were born early or very small - other factors that could affect future mental health.

It also stuck when they looked at each class of drugs on its own, and was strongest for stimulant drugs that target attention problems and hyperactivity and drugs for addiction.

Weitzman says the finding that depression medications were also linked to smoking was a "new and intriguing" one that would have to be examined in future research.

The study did have its limitations. For example, Ekblad and colleagues couldn't take into account whether moms had been on psychotropic medications themselves, or if they used alcohol or illicit drugs during pregnancy. 

They also didn't know which dads smoked while kids were in the womb - or if either moms or dads smoked after the babies were born, when their brains would have been still developing.

Weitzman says that it's "so hard to disentangle" the effects of parents' smoking during pregnancy from smoking when kids are growing up.

After all, he says, kids who are exposed to one kind of secondhand smoke are often exposed to both.

Exactly how smoking could change a growing baby or child's brain is unclear.

The researchers say it's possible that nicotine could affect brain development, or that access to oxygen during pregnancy might be reduced when moms smoke.

Either way, "At the very least, parents need to be educated that they might be doing brain damage to their children" if they smoke during key times in development, Weitzman says.

Reuters

Obesidad infantil

Complicaciones metabólicas de la obesidad infantil D. Yeste, y A. Carrascosa Servicio de Pediatría, Unidades de Endocrinología y Obesidad Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d' Hebron, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España An Pediatr (Barc). 2011;75(2):135.e1-135.e9 Resumen.  La obesidad es el trastorno nutricional más frecuente durante la infancia y adolescencia. El incremento de su prevalencia y de la intensidad del exceso ponderal han puesto de manifiesto las numerosas e importantes comorbilidades asociadas a la misma. La hiperinsulinemia y la resistencia a la insulina son el eje central del desarrollo posterior de estados de intolerancia a la glucosa, diabetes tipo 2 y/o síndrome metabólico. El depósito de grasa en el espacio visceral abdominal y en el espacio miocelular, y no la obesidad per se, es el principal factor independiente de riesgo para desarrollar resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico. Otros elementos del síndrome metabólico, como la dislipemia y la hipertensión pueden también estar ya presentes en los ni˜nos y adolescentes obesos y están estrechamente relacionados con el grado de adiposidad y con la presencia de resistencia a la insulina. En el transcurso de los últimos año se ha comprobado que la persistencia de la obesidad y de sus alteraciones metabólicas en la edad adulta incrementa de forma significativa el riesgo de presentar enfermedad cardiovascular degenerativa precoz y determina una menor esperanza de vida. Articulo en PDF     Sobrepeso/obesidad y características del fluido gástrico en cirugía pediátrica del mismo día: implicaciones para las guías de ayuno y riesgo de aspiración pulmonar Overweight/obesity and gastric fluid characteristics in pediatric day surgery: implications for fasting guidelines and pulmonary aspiration risk. Cook-Sather SD, Gallagher PR, Kruge LE, Beus JM, Ciampa BP, Welch KC, Shah-Hosseini S, Choi JS, Pachikara R, Minger K, Litman RS, Schreiner MS. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA. sather@email.chop.edu Anesth Analg. 2009 Sep;109(3):727-36. Abstract BACKGROUND: The safety of 2-h preoperative clear liquid fasts has not been established for overweight/obese pediatric day surgical patients. Healthy children and obese adults who fasted 2 h have small residual gastric fluid volumes (GFVs), which are thought to reflect low pulmonary aspiration risk. We sought to measure the prevalence of overweight/obesity in our day surgery population. We hypothesized that neither body mass index (BMI) percentile nor fasting duration would significantly affect GFV or gastric fluid pH. In children who were allowed clear liquids up until 2 h before surgery, we hypothesized that overweight/obese subjects would not have increased GFV over lean/normal subjects and that emesis/pulmonary aspiration events would be rare. METHODS: Demographics, medical history, height, and weight were recorded for 1000 consecutive day surgery patients aged 2-12 yr. In addition, 1000 day surgery patients (age 2-12 yr) undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia were enrolled. After tracheal intubation, a 14-18F orogastric tube was inserted and gastric contents evacuated. Medications, fasting interval, GFV, pH, and emetic episodes were documented. Age- and gender-specific Center for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts (2000) were used to determine ideal body weight (IBW = 50th percentile) and to classify patients as lean/normal (BMI 25th-75th percentile), overweight (BMI > or = 85th to <95th percentile), or obese (BMI > or = 95th percentile). RESULTS: Of all day surgery patients, 14.0% were overweight and 13.3% were obese. Obese children had lower GFV per total body weight (P < 0.001). When corrected for IBW, however, volumes GFV(IBW) were identical across all BMI categories (mean 0.96 mL/kg, sd 0.71; median 0.86 mL/kg, IQR 0.96). Preoperative acetaminophen and midazolam contributed to increased GFV(IBW) (P = 0.025 and P = 0.001). Lower GFV(IBW) was associated with ASA physical status III (P = 0.024), male gender (P = 0.012), gastroesophageal reflux disease (P = 0.049), and proton pump inhibitor administration (P = 0.018). GFV(IBW) did not correlate with fasting duration or age. Decreased gastric fluid acidity was associated with younger age (P = 0.005), increased BMI percentile (P = 0.036), and African American race (P = 0.033). Emesis on induction occurred in eight patients (50% of whom were obese, P = 0.052, and 75% of whom had obstructive sleep apnea, P = 0.061). Emesis was associated with increased ASA physical status (P = 0.006) but not with fasting duration. There were no pulmonary aspiration events. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-seven percent of pediatric day surgery patients are overweight/obese. These children may be allowed clear liquids 2 h before surgery as GFV(IBW) averages 1 mL/kg regardless of BMI and fasting interval. Rare emetic episodes were not associated with shortened fasting intervals in this population http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/109/3/727.full.pdf+html     ¿Influencia el IMC elevado los gastos de niños a los que se les realiza adenoamigdalectomía? Does high BMI influence hospital charges in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy? Nafiu OO, Chimbira WT, Woolford SJ, Tremper KK, Reynolds PI, Green GE. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. onafiu@med.umich.edu Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jul;16(7):1667-71. Epub 2008 Apr 17. Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is a highly prevalent chronic problem with health and fiscal consequences. Data from adults and nonsurgical pediatric patients suggest that obesity has serious implications for the US economy. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to describe the impact of BMI on hospital charges in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We carried out a retrospective comparative analysis of the electronic anesthesia record and the charges from billing data from a large tertiary institution on children aged 3-18 years who had AT during the year 2005-2007. The main outcome measures were mean total hospital charges, likelihood of admission, and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Of 1,643 children, 68.9% were aged <10 years, 76% were whites, and 74.1% had private commercial insurance. Most (75.3%) children were discharged on the day of surgery. Obese and overweight children were more likely to be admitted than their normal-weight peers (X(2)=26.3, P<0.001). Among those admitted, BMI showed a positive correlation with LOS (r=0.20, P<0.001). Obese and overweight patients had significantly higher total hospital charges than their healthy-weight counterparts (P=0.001). Anesthesia, postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and pharmacy and laboratory charges were also higher for obese than normal-weight children (P<0.05). DISCUSSION: Overweight and obese children undergoing AT accrued higher hospital charges and had longer postoperative LOS than their healthy-weight peers. If these findings are extendable to other surgical procedures, they could have far-reaching implications for the US economy. http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v16/n7/pdf/oby2008234a.pdf . Anestesia para pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de Prader-Willi: informe de dos casos Anesthesia for pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: report of two cases. Tseng CH, Chen C, Wong CH, Wong SY, Wong KM. Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Chang Gung Med J. 2003 Jun;26(6):453-7. Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a sporadic disorder of chromosome abnormalities with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 15,000. It mainly affects the central nervous system, and often involves the hypothalamus. Both general and regional anesthesia for these patients is difficult mainly due to morbid obesity. Other common problems include hypotonia, disturbance in thermoregulation, arrhythmia, cor pulmonale, diabetes mellitus, behavior problems, and convulsions. We report on 2 pediatric patients with PWS receiving general anesthesia. The first patient experienced life-threatening episodes of severe hypoxemia in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) as well as in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was suggested by the pediatric pulmonary medicine specialist, and thereafter the patient's condition improved. The clinical course of the second patient was uneventful except for transient intermittent episodes of bronchospasms during emergence. In addition, we discuss differences between these 2 cases and our strategy for the prevention of perioperative complications for PWS patients in the future. http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/cgmj/2606/260610.pdf

Atentamente Dr. Enrique Hernández-Cortez Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor www.anestesia-dolor.org

Aceite de oliva y ajo

PROPIEDADES DEL GENGIBRE O KIÓN.-Para los dolores musculares.

: Agregue por lo menos 1 cucharadita de jengibre seco o 2 cucharaditas de jengibre picado de las comidas diarias.

-

Curar un dolor de muelas con clavos de olor ¿Tiene un dolor de muelas y no puede ir al dentista? Suavemente masticar un diente puede aliviar el dolor dental y la inflamación de las encías durante dos horas seguidas, según los investigadores de la UCLA. Los expertos apuntan a un compuesto natural llamado eugenol en el clavo, un poderoso anestésico, natural. Bono: Aspersión un ¼ de cucharadita de clavo de olor molido en las comidas diarias también puede proteger a su cotización. Los científicos dicen que esta simple acción ayuda a estabilizar el azúcar en la sangre, además de frenar la producción de colesterol que obstruye las arterias en tan sólo tres semanas.

Curar el ardor de estómago con vinagre de sidra Sip 1 cucharada de vinagre de manzana mezclado con 8 onzas de agua antes de cada comida, y los expertos dicen que podría acabar con episodios dolorosos de la acidez en tan sólo 24 horas. "El vinagre de sidra es rica en ácidos málico y tartárico, ayudas digestivas poderosas que la velocidad de la descomposición de las grasas y las proteínas para que su estómago se vacía rápidamente, antes de comer se lava hacia el esófago, provocando dolor de la acidez", explica Joseph Brasco, MD, un gastroenterólogo en el Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas y de colon en Huntsville, Alabama.

Dolor de oídos borrar con ajo Dolorosas infecciones del oído conducen a millones de estadounidenses a consultorios médicos cada año. Para una cura rápida, basta con colocar dos gotas de aceite de ajo caliente en el oído adolorido dos veces al día durante cinco días. Este tratamiento sencillo puede aclarar las infecciones del oído más rápido que medicamentos con receta, dicen los expertos de la Universidad de Nuevo México, la Facultad de Medicina. Los científicos dicen que los principios activos del ajo (germanio, selenio y los compuestos de azufre) son por naturaleza tóxica de decenas de diferentes bacterias que causan dolor. Para avivar su propio aceite de ajo a fuego lento suavemente tres dientes de ajo picado en una media taza de aceite extra virgen de oliva durante dos minutos, la tensión, y luego refrigere por hasta dos semanas, indica Teresa Graedon, Ph.D., co-autor de la obra, mejores opciones de Farmacia del Pueblo . Para una experiencia óptima, caliente esta mezcla un poco antes de que el líquido se siente suave en su canal auditivo.

Ahuyentar el dolor a las  articulaciones y el dolor de cabeza con cerezas

  U

na de cada cuatro mujeres está luchando con los dolores de cabeza ,la artritis, la gota  crónica. Si eres una de ellas, un tazón de cerezas al día podrían aliviar tu dolor, sin malestar estomacal que a menudo son  causadas por los analgésicos de hoy, según investigadores de la Universidad de Michigan en East Lansing del Estado. Su investigación revela que las antocianinas, los compuestos que dan su color rojo cereza brillante, son anti-inflamatorios 10 veces más fuerte que el ibuprofeno y la aspirina. "Las antocianinas ayudan a cerrar las enzimas de gran alcance que ponen en marcha la inflamación del tejido, por lo que se puede prevenir, así como el tratamiento de muchos tipos diferentes de dolor", explica Muraleedharan Nair, Ph.D., profesor de ciencias de los alimentos en la Michigan State University. Su consejo: Disfruta de 20 cerezas (frescas, congeladas o secas) al día, y luego continuar hasta que el dolor desaparezca.

Prevenir trastornos digestivos con piña

Tienes  gases? Una taza de piña fresca a diario puede reducir la hinchazón dolorosa en las primeras 72 horas, dicen los investigadores de Stanford de California University. Eso es porque la piña es natually lleno de enzimas proteolíticas, ayuda digestiva que coadyuban a acelerar la descomposición de las proteínas que causan el dolor en el estómago y el intestino delgado, dicen los investigadores del USDA.

 

7 motivos por los que se debe tomar vino

agosto 6, 2011 7:44 pm

Publicado en: Curiosidades, Titulares

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Probablemente ya sabes que tomar una copa de vino al día es bueno para tu salud. ¿Pero sabes exactamente por qué y de qué manera es que beneficia a tu cuerpo?

A continuación, siete motivos por los que tomar vino, siempre con moderación, resulta ser un hábito positivo.

1. MEJORA LA MEMORIA
“Estudios han demostrado que aquellas personas que beben moderadas cantidades de vino diariamente (esto es entre una y dos copas de aproximadamente 113 ml) tienen menos riesgo de sufrir de demencia y Alzheimer”, señala ‘The Daily MaIl’. Esto es porque esta bebida alcohólica promueve la producción del colesterol bueno, el que ayuda a reducir la inflamación y obstrucción de las arterias.

2. PROTEGE AL CORAZÓN
Este es uno de los beneficios más populares: evitar un ataque cardíaco o alguna enfermedad al corazón. Esta protección es gracias al resveratrol, una fitoalexina que se encuentra en la piel de las uvas y que se ha relacionado a la prevención de daños a los vasos sanguíneos, a la reducción de la inflamación del corazón y al bloqueo de moléculas que se pueden convertir en grasa.

3. CONTROLA EL PESO 
“De acuerdo a un estudio, las mujeres que beben una o dos copas de vino al día tienen 30% menos posibilidades de tener sobrepeso que aquellas que no lo toman. ¿La explicación? Básicamente tiene que ver con la cantidad de energía que se utiliza al crear las encimas necesarias para digerir la bebida. Otra teoría es que el alcohol eleva tu temperatura corporal, lo que te hace quemar calorías”, explica el artículo.

4. ANTI DIABETES
Los polifenoles que están presentes en el vino tinto pueden regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre y reducir la resistencia a la insulina en las personas que sufren de diabetes. Sin embargo, el artículo señala que estos beneficios están basados en la presunción de que todas las personas llevan una vida saludable promedio.

5. PULMONES SANOS
Este es uno de los pro de beber vino blanco. Un estudio realizado en el 2002 por la Universidad de Buffalo (Estados Unidos) encontró que los antioxidantes en este tipo de vinos pueden ayudar a detener a los radicales libres, los que dañan los tejidos pulmonares.

6. COMBATE EL CÁNCER
Cáncer a los ovarios, la próstata o el colon. Estos son algunos tipos de esta enfermedad que cuya prevención ha sido relacionada al consumo de vino. “Un estudio que data del 2005, por ejemplo, halló que beber vino tinto con moderación reduce el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer al colon en un 45%”, dice el artículo.

7. FORTALECE LOS HUESOS
El vino también puede reducir el riesgo de sufrir de osteoporosis, de acuerdo a los resultados de un reciente estudio publicado en el “European Journal of Clinical Nutrition”. En esta investigación se dedujo que el vino tinto puede ayudar a mejorar la densidad ósea en hombres mayores. “Una vez más, se cree que los polifenoles de las cáscaras de las uvas son las responsables”, finaliza el artículo.

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The Radiation Boom

By WALT BOGDANICH

Articles in this series examine issues arising from the increasing use of medical radiation and the new technologies that deliver it.

From the Book Review

‘The Rules of the Tunnel’

By NED ZEMAN
Reviewed by EMMA FORREST

A depressed writer searches for answers to his problems in the lives of kindred sufferers.