Vía aérea en pediatría / Pediatric airway

Marzo 5, 2017. No. 2619

VÍA AÉREA DIFÍCIL EN PEDIATRÍA HAYDEE OSSES C. Rev Chil Anest, 2010; 39: 125-132 INTRODUCCIÓN Las complicaciones relacionadas con el manejo de la vía aérea pediátrica son frecuentes y en ocasiones generan morbi-mortalidad, afectando principalmente a recién nacidos y lactantes menores. Éstos, por lo general, son niños sanos ASA I o II. Como causa directa de morbilidad se encuentra la intubación difícil, ventilación inadecuada, apnea y obstrucción bronquial. La mayor parte de estas complicaciones son evitables y al auditarse se encuentran los siguientes problemas: falla en reconocer o anticiparse a los problemas, revisión inadecuada de máquina y monitores, escasa vigilancia, preparación insufi ciente frente a situaciones adversas encontradas y, falta de habilidades técnicas especialmente en situaciones de tensión1 . Los pacientes pediátricos presentan un amplio espectro de enfermedades, tanto congénitas como adquiridas, que pueden repercutir en la vía aérea, difi cultando la intubación y/o ventilación2 . Para optimizar el manejo de una vía aérea difícil es importante comprender las diferencias anatómicas de la vía aérea pediátrica y familiarizarse con las enfermedades y síndromes comunes que la afectan PDF Controversias en la vía aérea pediátrica en el perioperatorio Controversies in Pediatric Perioperative Airways. Kluka J1, Stourac et al Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:368761. doi: 10.1155/2015/368761. Epub 2015 Nov 22. Abstract Pediatric airway management is a challenge in routine anesthesia practice. Any airway-related complication due to improper procedure can have catastrophic consequences in pediatric patients. The authors reviewed the current relevant literature using the following data bases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline (OVID SP), and Dynamed, and the following keywords: Airway/s, Children, Pediatric, Difficult Airways, and Controversies. From a summary of the data, we identified several controversies: difficult airway prediction, difficult airway management, cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for securing pediatric airways, rapid sequence induction (RSI), laryngeal mask versus endotracheal tube, and extubation timing. The data show that pediatric anesthesia practice in perioperative airway management is currently lacking the strong evidence-based medicine (EBM) data that is available for adult subpopulations. A number of procedural steps in airway management are derived only from adult populations. However, the objective is the same irrespective of patient age: proper securing of the airway and oxygenation of the patient. PDF Eventos de seguridad del paciente en el manejo de las vías respiratorias pediátricas fuera del hospital: una revisión del expediente médico por el CSI-EMS. Patient safety events in out-of-hospital paediatric airway management: a medical record review by the CSI-EMS. Hansen M1, Meckler G2, Lambert W3, Dickinson C4, Dickinson K4, Van Otterloo J4, Guise JM1,3,4,5. BMJ Open. 2016 Nov 11;6(11):e012259. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012259. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and characterise the nature of patient safety events in paediatric out-of-hospital airway management.  CONCLUSIONS: Errors in paediatric out-of-hospital airway management are common, especially in the context of intubations and during cardiac arrest. KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY MEDICINE PDF Curso sobre Anestesia en Trasplantes, Cirugía abdominal, Plástica, Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología. Committee for European Education in Anaesthesiology (CEEA)  y el Colegio de Anestesiólogos de León A.C. Abril 7-9, 2017, León Guanajuato, México Informes  (477) 716 06 16, kikinhedz@gmail.com 4° Congreso Internacional de Control Total de la Vía Aérea Asociación Mexicana de Vía  Aérea Difícil, AC Ciudad de México 21, 22 y 23 de Abril 2017 Informes: amvadmexico@gmail.com Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine Meeting April 6-8, 2017, San Francisco, California, USA ASRA American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Información / Information

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org Copyright © 2015

Más de US de vía aérea / More on airway ultrasound

Marzo 8, 2017. No. 2622

Ultrasonografía. Una herramienta viable para la evaluación de las vías respiratorias Ultrasonography - A viable tool for airway assessment. Reddy PB1, Punetha P1, Chalam KS1. Indian J Anaesth. 2016 Nov;60(11):807-813. Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Accurate prediction of the Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade preoperatively can help in better airway management of the patient during induction of anaesthesia. Our aim was to determine the utility of ultrasonography in predicting CL grade. METHODS: We studied 100 patients undergoing general endotracheal anaesthesia. Mallampati (MP) class, thyromental distance (TMD) and sternomental distance (SMD) were noted. Ultrasound measurements of the anterior neck soft tissue thickness at the level of the hyoid (ANS-Hyoid), anterior neck soft tissue thickness at the level of the vocal cords (ANS-VC) and ratio of the depth of the pre-epiglottic space (Pre-E) to the distance from the epiglottis to the mid-point of the distance between the vocal cords (E-VC) were obtained. CL grade was noted during intubation. Chi-square test was employed to determine if there was any statistical difference in the measurements of patients with different CL grades. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated for the various parameters. RESULTS: The incidence of difficult intubation was 14%. An ANS-VC >0.23 cm had a sensitivity of 85.7% in predicting a CL Grade of 3 or 4, which was higher than that of MP class, TMD and SMD. However, the specificity, PPV and accuracy were lower than the physical parameters. The NPV was comparable. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a useful tool in airway assessment. ANS-VC >0.23 cm is a potential predictor of difficult intubation. ANS-Hyoid is not indicative of difficult intubation. The ratio Pre-E/E-VC has a low to moderate predictive value. KEYWORDS: Airway; Cormack-Lehane grade; direct laryngoscopy; physical assessment; ultrasonography PDF Papel del ultrasonido en la vía aérea y endobronquial en medicina perioperatoria The Role of Airway and Endobronchial Ultrasound in Perioperative Medicine. Votruba J1, Zemanová P1, Lambert L2, Vesela MM3. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:754626. doi: 10.1155/2015/754626. Epub 2015 Dec 14. Abstract Recent years have witnessed an increased use of ultrasound in evaluation of the airway and the lower parts of the respiratory system. Ultrasound examination is fast and reliable and can be performed at the bedside and does not carry the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation. Apart from use in diagnostics it may also provide safe guidance for invasive and semi-invasive procedures. Ultrasound examination of the oral cavity structures, epiglottis, vocal cords, and subglottic space may help in the prediction of difficult intubation. Preoperative ultrasound may diagnose vocal cord palsy or deviation or stenosis of the trachea. Ultrasonography can also be used for confirmation of endotracheal tube, double-lumen tube, or laryngeal mask placement. This can be achieved by direct examination of the tube inside the trachea or by indirect methods evaluating lung movements. Postoperative airway ultrasound may reveal laryngeal pathology or subglottic oedema. Conventional ultrasound is a reliable real-time navigational tool for emergency cricothyrotomy or percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. Endobronchial ultrasound is a combination of bronchoscopy and ultrasonography and is used for preoperative examination of lung cancer and solitary pulmonary nodules. The method is also useful for real-time navigated biopsies of such pathological structures. PDF Curso sobre Anestesia en Trasplantes, Cirugía abdominal, Plástica, Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología. Committee for European Education in Anaesthesiology (CEEA)  y el Colegio de Anestesiólogos de León A.C. Abril 7-9, 2017, León Guanajuato, México Informes  (477) 716 06 16, kikinhedz@gmail.com 4° Congreso Internacional de Control Total de la Vía Aérea Asociación Mexicana de Vía  Aérea Difícil, AC Ciudad de México 21, 22 y 23 de Abril 2017 Informes: amvadmexico@gmail.com Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine Meeting April 6-8, 2017, San Francisco, California, USA ASRA American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Información / Information

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org Copyright © 2017