Tópicos de obesidad / Topics on obesity Buzón

Octubre 4, 2017. No. 2831

Determinación del volumen sanguíneo en embarazadas obesas y de peso normal: el método del almidón hidroxietilo. Blood volume determination in obese and normal-weight gravidas: the hydroxyethyl starch method. Vricella LK1, Louis JM2, Chien E3, Mercer BM3. Author information Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep;213(3):408.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.021. Epub 2015 May 14. Abstract OBJECTIVE: The impact of obesity on maternal blood volume in pregnancy has not been reported. We compared the blood volumes of obese and normal-weight gravidas using a validated hydroxyethyl starch (HES) dilution technique for blood volume estimation. STUDY DESIGN: Blood volumes were estimated in 30 normal-weight (pregravid body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m(2)) and 30 obese (pregravid BMI >35 kg/m(2)) gravidas >34 weeks' gestation using a modified HES dilution technique. Blood samples obtained before and 10 minutes after HES injection were analyzed for plasma glucose concentrations after acid hydrolysis of HES. Blood volume was calculated from the difference between glucose concentrations measured in hydrolyzed plasma. RESULTS: Obese gravidas had higher pregravid and visit BMI (mean [SD]): pregravid (41 [4] vs 22 [2] kg/m(2), P = .001); visit (42 [4] vs 27 [2] kg/m(2), P = .001), but lower weight gain (5 [7] vs 12 [4] kg, P = .001) than normal-weight women. Obese gravidas had similar estimated total blood volume to normal-weight women (8103 ± 2452 vs 6944 ± 2830 mL, P = .1), but lower blood volume per kilogram weight (73 ± 22 vs 95 ± 30 mL/kg, P = .007). CONCLUSION: Obese gravidas have similar circulating blood volume, but lower blood volume per kilogram body weight, than normal-weight gravidas near term. KEYWORDS: blood volume; hydroxyethyl starch; obesity; obstetric anesthesia PDF Obesidad Mórbida y Anestesia: Problemas y Soluciones  Drs. Fernando Altermatt, Verena Brandes PDF Diabetes y obesidad. ¿Hay una dieta ideal? Diabetes with obesity-Is there an ideal diet? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2017 July;84(suppl 1):S4-S14 Zahrae Sandouk, MD M. Cecilia Lansang, MD, MPH ABSTRACT For individuals who are overweight or obese, weight loss is effective in preventing and improving the management of type 2 diabetes. Together with other lifestyle factors like exercise and behavior modification, diet plays a central role in achieving weight loss. Diets vary based on the type and amount of carbohydrate, fat, and protein consumed to meet daily caloric intake goals. A number of popular diets are reviewed as well as studies evaluating the effect of various diets on weight loss, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors. Current trends favor the low-carbohydrate, low-glycemic index, Mediterranean, and very-low-calorie diets. However, no optimal dietary strategy exists for patients with obesity and diabetes, and more research is needed. Given the wide range of dietary choices, the best diet is one that achieves the best adherence based on the patient's dietary preferences, energy needs, and health status. PDF XIV Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología 2017 Octubre 1-Diciembre 31, 2017 Información / Information Video informativo XXVII Congreso Peruano de Anestesiología Lima, Noviembre 2-4, 2017 Informes / Informataion

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org

Obesidad / Obesity

Octubre 2, 2017. No. 2829

El papel del aumento del índice de masa corporal en la evolución de la sepsis. Una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. The role of increased body mass index in outcomes of sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Wang S1,2, Liu X3, Chen Q4, Liu C1, Huang C5, Fang X6. Author information BMC Anesthesiol. 2017 Aug 31;17(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s12871-017-0405-4. Abstract BACKGROUND: The role of increased body mass index (BMI) in sepsis is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the associations between overweight (25 kg/m2 < BMI ≤ 29.9 kg/m2), obese (30 kg/m2 < BMI ≤ 39.9 kg/m2) and morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) BMIs and outcomes in septic patients. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for studies published by December 1, 2016. Electronic database searches yielded 3713 articles, eight of which were included in this meta-analysis. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers, and a third reviewer participated in making decisions as needed. We used Review Manager to conduct the analysis, and the outcomes were reported with odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs). The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcome was length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) or the hospital. RESULTS: Data from eight studies involving a total of 9696 patients were pooled in our final analysis. Compared with patients with normal BMI (18.5 kg/m2 < BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2), patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 exhibited decreased mortality (OR 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-0.89, P < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, compared with normal-weight patients, overweight patients had lower mortality (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.97, P = 0.02), whereas obese (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.10, P = 0.29) and morbidly obese (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.38-1.08, P = 0.09) patients did not exhibit significantly reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In sepsis cases, overweight, but not obesity or morbid obesity, was associated with lower mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify this relationship. KEYWORDS: Body mass index; Length of stay; Mortality; Obesity; Sepsis PDF Aumento del índice de masa corporal y la mortalidad ajustada en pacientes en UCI con sepsis o choque séptico: una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. Increased body mass index and adjusted mortality in ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pepper DJ1, Sun J2, Welsh J3, Cui X2, Suffredini AF2, Eichacker PQ2. Author information Crit Care. 2016 Jun 15;20(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1360-z. Abstract BACKGROUND: At least 25 % of adults admitted to intensive care units (ICU) in the United States have an overweight, obese or morbidly obese body mass index (BMI). The effect of BMI on adjusted mortality in adults requiring ICU treatment for sepsis is unclear. We performed a systematic review of adjusted all-cause mortality for underweight, overweight, obese and morbidly obese BMIs relative to normal BMI for adults admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.  CONCLUSIONS: This is the first meta-analysis to show that overweight or obese BMIs reduce adjusted mortality in adults admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. More rigorous studies that address these limitations are needed to clarify the impact of BMI on sepsis ICU outcomes. KEYWORDS: Body mass index; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Obesity; Overweight; Sepsis PDF Obesidad simple y función renal. Simple obesity and renal function. Sikorska D1,2, Grzymislawska M3, Roszak M4,5, Gulbicka P6, Korybalska K4, Witowski J4. Author information J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;68(2):175-180. Abstract Increasing evidence accumulate to suggest that obesity increases the risk of chronic kidney disease independently of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. This so-called obesity-related glomerulopathy is characterized at early stages by glomerular hypertrophy with or without secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Since, however, kidney biopsies are usually not performed at this phase, an early diagnosis of the disease is often difficult. Here, we review new developments in the pathophysiology of obesity-associated kidney dysfunction and discuss the potential of appropriate monitoring of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for early detection of the disease. We also present the benefits conferred by even moderate dietary restriction on the course of the disease. PDF XIV Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología 2017 Octubre 1-Diciembre 31, 2017 Información / Information Video informativo XXVII Congreso Peruano de Anestesiología Lima, Noviembre 2-4, 2017 Informes / Informataion

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org

Obesidad y vía aérea / Obesity and airway

Junio 28, 2017. No. 2733

Índices predictores de vía aérea en pacientes obesos Dr. Javier A Ramírez-Acosta, Dra. Gabriela Griselda Torrico-Lara, Dra. Carla Mónica Encinas-Pórcel Rev Mex Anestesiología Vol. 36. No. 3 Julio-Septiembre 2013 pp 193-201 RESUMEN La tráquea de los pacientes obesos puede ser más difícil de intubar que la de aquellos pacientes con un peso normal. La incidencia de intubación difícil en personas obesas (índice de masa corporal >30 kg/m2) se incrementa hasta tres veces en comparación con pacientes no obesos. Sin embargo, la obesidad por sí sola no predice una intubación traqueal difícil, por lo que se considera un factor de riesgo independiente de la intubación difícil. En la actualidad, las pruebas de detección disponibles para intubación difícil tienen sólo poder de discriminación de pobre a moderado cuando se usan solas. La combinación de tests o maniobras predictivas podría ser más efi ciente al determinar anticipadamente una vía aérea difícil. Incluir el índice de masa corporal en índices de riesgo multifactoriales puede mejorar la predicción de intubación difícil. La gran cantidad de parámetros que predicen intubación difícil como Mallampati, Cormack y Lehane, índice de masa corporal, etc., no son específi cos en la predicción de la intubación traqueal difícil. Previamente, el paradigma de la intubación segura se ha basado en: 1) una valoración preoperatoria adecuada de la vía aérea de los pacientes, 2) habilidades adecuadas para la intubación y 3) herramientas adecuadas para la intubación. Palabras clave: Obesidad, vía aérea difícil. PDF Manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes llevados a cirugía bariátrica en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia Fritz E. Gempelera,, Lorena Díazb y Lina Sarmient Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2012;40(2):119-123 Resumen Introducción. La obesidad ha aumentado en los últimos años y aún más los obesos mórbidos, en quienes se han reconocido comorbilidades que dificultan el manejo perioperatorio anestésico, incluido el manejo de la vía aérea. En la valoración preanestésica existen parámetros del examen físico y de la historia clínica que son predictores de intubaciones difíciles o fallidas, y es en estos casos cuando el fibroscopio retromolar de Bonfils ha sido una herramienta útil. Objetivo: Observar los predictores de vía aérea difícil a partir del examen físico, la incidencia de intubación difícil y las herramientas utilizadas para el manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes obesos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de 352 pacientes obesos llevados a cirugía bariátrica en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogotá, en quienes se evaluó índice de masa corporal, apertura oral, Mallampati, distancia tiromentoniana, circunferencia del cuello y uso de laringoscopio o fibroscopio retromolar de Bonfils y su dificultad en la utilización. Conclusiones: La intubación con fibroscopio retromolar de Bonfils es exitosa en el 100% de los casos observados en pacientes obesos y la dificultad de la intubación con dicho dispositivo no se correlaciona con los parámetros evaluados. PDF Rapidez y eficacia del signo ultrasonográfico de ¨pulmón deslizante¨ y auscultación en la confirmación de la intubación endotraqueal en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Rapidity and efficacy of ultrasonographic sliding lung sign and auscultation in confirming endotracheal intubation in overweight and obese patients. Rajan S1, Surendran J1, Paul J1, Kumar L1. Indian J Anaesth. 2017 Mar;61(3):230-234. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.202164. Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obese individuals are predisposed to difficult airway and intubation. They usually yield confusing or misleading auscultatory findings. We aimed to assess the rapidity and efficacy of ultrasonographic (USG) sliding lung sign for confirming endotracheal intubation in normal as well as overweight and obese surgical patients. METHODS: This prospective, observational study was performed in forty surgical patients. Twenty patients with body mass index (BMI) <25 were recruited to Group A, whereas twenty patients with BMI ≥25 constituted Group B. Following induction and intubation, appearance of end-tidal carbon dioxide waveform was used to confirm endotracheal intubation. Presence of breath sounds bilaterally was sought by auscultation, and time taken for auscultatory confirmation was noted. The USG confirmation of air entry to the lung field as indicated by lung sliding was sought, and the time taken was noted. Chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test were used as applicable. RESULTS: Auscultatory confirmation was more rapid in Group A as compared to Group B (9.34 ± 2.43 s vs. 14.35 ± 5.53 s, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in USG confirmation time in both the groups (8.57 ± 2.05 s vs. 8.61 ± 1.66 s). Four patients in Group B had doubtful breath sounds against none in Group A. There was no doubtful lung slide with USG in both groups. One case of endobronchial intubation in Group B was diagnosed with USG which was doubtful by auscultation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound directed confirmation of endotracheal tube placement in overweight and obese patients is superior in speed and accuracy in comparison to the standard auscultatory method. KEYWORDS: Auscultation; endotracheal intubation; obesity; sliding lung sign; ultrasonography PDF XIV Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología 2017 Octubre 1-Diciembre 31, 2017 Información

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org