martes, 10 de abril de 2018

Más de pancreatitis / More on pancreatitis

Abril 3, 2018. No. 3042

Evolución de pacientes ancianos después de pancreatitis biliar aguda.
Outcome of elderly patients after acute biliary pancreatitis.
Biosci Trends. 2018;12(1):54-59. doi: 10.5582/bst.2017.01303.
Abstract
The specific management and outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis in elderly patients is not well established. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of elderly compared to younger patients after acute biliary pancreatitis. Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted with acute biliary pancreatitis between January 2006 and December 2012. Elderly patients (≥ 70 years) were compared to younger patients (< 70 years) in a case-control study. Comorbidities were assessed according to the Charlson score. Clinical (Atlanta score) and radiological (Balthazar and computed tomography severity index scores) severity were analyzed, as well as clinical outcome. Among 212 patients admitted with acute biliary pancreatitis, 76 were > 70 years (35.8%). Elderly patients had a higher Charlson comorbidity index score at admission (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in terms of clinical and radiological severity of acute pancreatitis. The median hospital stay was longer in elderly (11 days, interquartile range 7-15) than in younger patients (7 days, interquartile range 5-11) (p < 0.001). No difference was observed regarding in-hospital 90-day mortality (3 vs. 1 patients, p = 0.133). Elderly patients had similar clinical and radiological severity of acute biliary pancreatitis compared to younger patients.
KEYWORDS: Pancreatitis; aged; gallstones
Nuevo predictor de pancreatitis necrosante aguda: distribución de la amplitud de distribución eritrocitaria.
New predictor of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: Red cell distribution width.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018 Feb;27(2):225-228. doi: 10.17219/acem/67590.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammation of the pancreas of various severity ranging from mild abdominal pain to mortality. AP may be classified as acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis (AEP) or acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), according to the revised Atlanta criteria. Most of the patients with AP are AEP (75-85% of patients), while 15-25% of patients have ANP. The mortality rate is 3% in AEP and 15% in ANP. Thus, it is important to predict the severity of AP to decrease the morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and the severity of AP on admission to hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted to Adana Numune Research and Educational Hospital with a diagnosis of AP through the time frame of January 2014-May 2016 were included in our study. Diagnosis of AP was made according to the revised Atlanta classification. Patients' age, sex, etiology of AP, and RDW values were recorded on admission to the hospital. RESULTS: A total of 180 patients were included in the study. Eighty patients (44%) were male and 100 patients were female. Mean age was 56.25 ±18.3 years (52.66 ±14.4 in males; 59.84 ±20.2 in females). There was no statistically significant difference between patients' age. The most frequently observed etiologic factor was gallstone disease followed by alcohol intake and the use of pharmaceuticals. Drug-related AP was associated with azathioprine, furosemide, and thiazide diuretics. One hundred forty-four (80%) patients had AEP and 36 (20%) patients had ANP. RDW values showed a statistically significant difference between patients with AEP and ANP (p = 0.011). The cut-off value of RDW was 16.4 and the area under curve (AUC) value was 0.591 (p = 0.0227) with a sensitivity of 29.2% and specificity of 89.83%. CONCLUSIONS: Red cell distribution width could be used to evaluate the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.
KEYWORDS: acute necrotizing pancreatitis; acute pancreatitis; red cell distribution width
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
Like us on Facebook   Follow us on Twitter   Find us on Google+   View our videos on YouTube 
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

Pancreatitis aguda en el niño / Pediatric acute pancreatitis

Abril 4, 2018. No. 3043
Pancreatitis en el niño
José Ignacio García Burriel, Pedro J. Vilar Escrigas
Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Pontevedra. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Barcelona
Pancreatitis aguda
Alejandra Consuelo Sánchez, José Alberto García Aranda
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2012;69(1):3-10
RESUMEN
La sospecha de pancreatitis aguda debe surgir cuando existe dolor abdominal e intolerancia a la vía oral, sobre todo en un paciente que ha sufrido un trauma abdominal, que presenta una enfermedad sistémica subyacente que cursa con una infección agregada, que tiene compromiso vascular o hemodinámico o que consume múltiples fármacos. Los niños menores de 4 años aparentemente sanos pueden presentar pancreatitis como consecuencia de alteraciones congénitas, como el páncreas divisum, o de enfermedades metabólicas o hereditarias. Cabe destacar que estas últimas se relacionan con la pancreatitis recurrente o crónica. El diagnóstico debe confirmarse con la determinación de enzimas pancreáticas y la realización de un estudio de imagen, ya sea tomografía abdominal o resonancia magnética. El tratamiento inmediato es de sostén, manteniendo un equilibrio hidroelectrolítico y metabólico, además de evitar la estimulación pancreática (con ayuno y descompresión gástrica). En los casos graves, la evolución tiende a ser prolongada por lo que, además de estas medidas, debe instituirse un soporte nutricional oportuno a través de la nutrición parenteral o enteral vía sonda nasoyeyunal. Finalmente, es indispensable detectar y tratar oportunamente las complicaciones como: necrosis pancreática, infecciones y falla orgánica múltiple. Palabras clave: pancreatitis, dolor abdominal, necrosis pancreática.
PDF
Pancreatitis pediátrica
Paediatric pancreatitis.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep;31(5):380-6. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000197.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to describe recent developments in paediatric pancreatitis and to discuss causes and current management. RECENT FINDINGS: Although recent studies have estimated the annual incidence of paediatric acute pancreatitis approaching that of adults, there are no established guidelines about its diagnosis and treatment in children. Genetic and structural/congenital abnormalities are emerging as the primary risk factors for paediatric acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Specifically, chronic pancreatitis is associated with a significant socioeconomic burden in children. Both medical and surgical therapies are proposed for paediatric chronic pancreatitis, but there is little evidence that they are beneficial. SUMMARY: Acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis create significant health issues in the paediatric population. Medical and surgical therapies exist to potentially treat these conditions, but the paediatric data are limited and the cohorts are small. A multidisciplinary and multicentre approach is necessary to better determine pancreatic disease processes and treatment options in children.
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
Like us on Facebook   Follow us on Twitter   Find us on Google+   View our videos on YouTube 
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

Falla renal aguda / Acute kidney injury

Abril 5, 2018. No. 3044
Manejo de la falla renal aguda; Core Curriculum 2018.
Management of Acute Kidney Injury: Core Curriculum 2018.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Feb 22. pii: S0272-6386(17)31141-1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.11.021. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous disorder that is common in hospitalized patients and associated with short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. When AKI is present, prompt workup of the underlying cause should be pursued, with specific attention to reversible causes. Measures to prevent AKI include optimization of volume status and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications. Crystalloids are preferred over colloids for most patients, and hydroxyethyl starches should be avoided. Volume overload in the setting of AKI is associated with adverse outcomes, so attention should be paid to overall fluid balance. Currently there are no targeted pharmacotherapies approved for the treatment of AKI. The optimal timing of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with AKI is unclear, but is an area of active investigation. Recent studies suggest that AKI is not a "self-limited" process, but is strongly linked to increased risk for chronic kidney disease, subsequent AKI, and future mortality.
KEYWORDS: AKIN; Acute kidney injury (AKI); KDIGO; RIFLE; critical care; fluid balance; intrarenal; postrenal; prerenal; renal replacement therapy (RRT); review; serum creatinine (Scr); treatment; urine output; volume status
Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
Like us on Facebook   Follow us on Twitter   Find us on Google+   View our videos on YouTube 
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

Seguridad en anestesia / Safe anesthesia

Abril 10, 2018. No. 3049

Reevaluación del riesgo cardíaco perioperatorio (estudio MET REPAIR)
Re-evaluation of peri-operative cardiac risk (the MET REPAIR study): Study protocol of a prospective, multicentre cohort study sponsored by the European Society of Anaesthesiology.
Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017 Nov;34(11):709-712. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000697.
Norma noruega para la práctica segura de la anestesia 2016
Norwegian Standard for the Safe Practice of Anaesthesia 2016

Congresos Médicos por Especialidades en todo Mundo

Medical Congresses by Specialties around the World

Safe Anaesthesia Worldwide
Delivering safe anaesthesia to the world's poorest people
Like us on Facebook   Follow us on Twitter   Find us on Google+   View our videos on YouTube 
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905