Obesidad en UCI / Obesity in ICU

Septiembre 1, 2016. No. 2435

Predictores de la evolución clínica después de traqueostomía en obesos graves Predictors of clinical outcome after tracheotomy in critically ill obese patients. Byrd JK1, Ranasinghe VJ, Day KE, Wolf BJ, Lentsch EJ. Laryngoscope. 2014 May;124(5):1118-22. doi: 10.1002/lary.24347. Epub 2014 Mar 1. Abstract OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To identify patient factors associated with outcomes in critically ill obese patients requiring tracheotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Single-institution, retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for inpatients admitted to an intensive care unit from 2007 to 2010 with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes of obesity or morbid obesity and tracheotomy. Variables collected in the dataset include subject age, ethnicity, gender, body mass index, tracheotomy type, patient outcome, chief diagnosis, and medical comorbid conditions. The primary outcomes of interest were tracheotomy type and patient outcome at the time of hospital discharge. Logistic regression models were developed for the probability of each patient outcome using univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS: One hundred two patients met inclusion criteria. The most common outcome was tracheostomy dependence (49%). Increased mortality was independently significantly associated with pulmonary hypertension (P = .019) and African American ethnicity (P = .045). Increased tracheostomy dependence was significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (P = .030). Increased decannulation was significantly associated with percutaneous tracheotomy (P = .016) and Caucasian ethnicity (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Obese patients in the intensive care unit who undergo tracheotomy have a high likelihood of remaining tracheostomy dependent at the time of discharge from the hospital. The factors most commonly found to be significantly associated with poor outcomes were open tracheotomy, African American ethnicity, obstructive sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension. KEYWORDS: Obesity; critically ill; decannulation; intensive care unit; morbid obesity; mortality; outcome; tracheotomy. PDF Características clínicas y evolución de la peritonitis postoperatoria después de cirugía bariátrica Clinical features and outcome of postoperative peritonitis following bariatric surgery. Montravers P1, Guglielminotti J, Zappella N, Desmard M, Muller C, Fournier P, Marmuse JP, Dufour G, Augustin P. Obes Surg. 2013 Oct;23(10):1536-44. doi: 10.1007/s11695-013-0955-6. Abstract BACKGROUND: We assessed the clinical features and outcome of morbidly obese patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for management of postoperative peritonitis (POP) following bariatric surgery (BS). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of POP in BS patients resulted in high mortality rates, similar to the results observed in cPOP. Usual empiric antibiotic therapy protocols should be applied to target multidrug-resistant microorganisms, but de-escalation can be performed in most cases. PDF Pacientes obesos tienen mayor riesgo de shock hipovolémico temprano Obese trauma patients are at increased risk of early hypovolemic shock: a retrospective cohort analysis of 1,084 severely injured patients. Nelson J, Billeter AT, Seifert B, Neuhaus V, Trentz O, Hofer CK, Turina M. Crit Care. 2012 May 8;16(3):R77. doi: 10.1186/cc11334. Abstract INTRODUCTION: Morbid obesity and its consequences are considered risk factors for adverse outcome in trauma, although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to compare initial resuscitation, treatment, and short-term outcome of severely injured patients by body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A total of 1,084 severely injured patients with an injury severity score of 16 or greater were enrolled between 1996 and 2009 and grouped according to BMI. Their course of treatment and in-hospital outcome were analyzed by univariate and multivariate comparison. RESULTS: Of these patients, 603 (55.6%) were of normal weight with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, 361 (33.3%) had BMI values between 25 and 29.9, and 90 patients (8.3%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Thirty patients (2.8%) had BMI levels below 18.5. All groups were comparable with respect to injury severity, initial resuscitation, and time to ICU admission. There was a tendency towards higher mortality in obese patients (mortality 24.4%) and also overweight patients (mortality 18.8%) when compared with patients with a normal BMI (mortality 16.6%). Obese patients showed the highest mortality on day 0 (8.9% vs. 2.8% in the normal-weight group, P = 0.023), mostly due to persistent shock (6.7%). When corrected for BMI, obese patients are provided significantly lower volumes of intravenous fluids during the initial resuscitation period. CONCLUSION: In contrast to the mostly American literature, only a low percentage of trauma patients at a European trauma center are obese. These patients are at risk of higher mortality from persistent hemorrhagic shock in the initial phase after trauma, which may potentially be related to relative hypovolemia during the resuscitation period. In the later course of treatment, no significant differences exist with respect to specific complications, hospital stay, or in-hospital mortality. PDF XIII Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología Octubre a Diciembre 2016 Información / Information 2017 Winter Anesthesia Conference in Maui California Society of Anesthesiologists Programa / Program

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org Copyright © 2015

Identidad bibliotecaria. Noticias

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Hipertensión intra-abdominal / Intra-abdominal hypertension

Septiembre 2, 2016. No. 2436

¿Que hay nuevo en las estrategias de manejo de la presión intra-abdominal elevada? Evacuar contenidos intra-abdominales, mejorar la complianza de la pared abdominal, farmacoterapia y presión negativa continua extra-abdominal What's new in medical management strategies for raised intra-abdominal pressure: evacuating intra-abdominal contents, improving abdominal wall compliance, pharmacotherapy, and continuous negative extra-abdominal pressure. De Keulenaer B, Regli A, De Laet I, Roberts D, Malbrain ML1. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(1):54-62. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2014.0065. Epub 2014 Nov 25. Abstract In the future, medical management may play an increasingly important role in the prevention and management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). A review of different databases was used (PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE) with the search terms 'Intra-abdominal Pressure' (IAP), 'IAH', ' Abdominal Compartment Syndrome' (ACS), 'medical management' and 'non-surgical management'. We also reviewed all papers with the search terms 'IAH', 'IAP' and 'ACS' over the last three years, only extracting those papers which showed a novel approach in the non-surgical management of IAH and ACS.IAH and ACS are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Non-surgical management is an important treatment option in critically ill patients with raised IAP. There are five medical treatment options to be considered to reduce IAP: 1) improvement of abdominal wall compliance; 2) evacuation of intra-luminal contents; 3) evacuation of abdominal fluid collections; 4) optimisation of fluid administration; and 5) optimisation of systemic and regional perfusion. This paper will review the first three treatment arms of the WSACS algorithm: abdominal wall compliance; evacuation of intra-luminal contents and evacuation of abdominal fluid collections. Emerging medical treatments will be analysed and finally some alternative specific treatments will be assessed. Other treatment options with regard to optimising fluid administration and systemic and regional perfusion will be described elsewhere, and are beyond the scope of this review. Medical management of critically ill patients with raised IAP should be instigated early to prevent further organ dysfunction and to avoid progression to ACS. Many treatment options are available and are often part of routine daily management in the ICU (nasogastric, rectal tube, prokinetics, enema, sedation, body position). Some of the newer treatments are very promising options in specific patient populations with raised IAP. Future studies are warranted to confirm some of these findings. PDF  Hipertensión intra-abdominal y síndrome compartamental abdominal en quemados, obesidad, embarazo y medicina general Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burns, obesity, pregnancy, and general medicine. Malbrain ML1, De Keulenaer BL, Oda J, De Laet I, De Waele JJ, Roberts DJ, Kirkpatrick AW, Kimball E, Ivatury R. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(3):228-40. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0021. Epub 2015 May 14. Abstract Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is an important contributor to early organ dysfunction in trauma and sepsis. However, relatively little is known about the impact of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in general internal medicine, pregnant patients, and those with obesity or burns. The aim of this paper is to review the pathophysiologic implications and treatment options for IAH in these specific situations. A MEDLINE and PubMed search was performed and the resulting body-of-evidence included in the current review on the basis of relevance and scientific merit. There is increasing awareness of the role of IAH in different clinical situations. Specifically, IAH will develop in most (if not all) severely burned patients, and may contribute to early mortality. One should avoid over-resuscitation of these patients with large volumes of fluids, especially crystalloids. Acute elevations in IAP have similar effects in obese patients compared to non-obese patients, but the threshold IAP associated with organ dysfunction may be higher. Chronic elevations in IAP may, in part, be responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity-related co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, pulmonary dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and abdominal wall hernias. At the bedside, measuring IAP and considering IAH in all critical maternal conditions is essential, especially in preeclampsia/eclampsia where some have hypothesized that IAH may have an additional role. IAH in pregnancy must take into account the precautions for aorto-caval compression and has been associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Recently, IAP has been associated with the cardiorenal dilemma and hepatorenal syndrome, and this has led to the recognition of the polycompartment syndrome. In conclusion, IAH and ACS have been associated with several patient populations beyond the classical ICU, surgical, and trauma patients. In all at risk conditions the focus should be on the early recognition of IAH and prevention of ACS. Patients at risk for IAH should be identified early through measurements of IAP. Appropriate actions should be taken when IAP increases above 15 mm Hg, especially if pressures reach above 20 mm Hg with new onset organ failure. Although non-operative measures come first, surgical decompression must not be delayed if these fail. Percutaneous drainage of ascites is a simple and potentially effective tool to reduce IAP if organ dysfunction develops, especially in burn patients. Escharotomy may also dramatically reduce IAP in the case of abdominal burns. PDF XIII Congreso Virtual Mexicano de Anestesiología Octubre a Diciembre 2016 Información / Information 2017 Winter Anesthesia Conference in Maui California Society of Anesthesiologists Programa / Program

Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor 52 664 6848905 vwhizar@anestesia-dolor.org anestesia-dolor.org Copyright © 2015