miércoles, 5 de abril de 2017

Neuroprotección / Neuroprotection

Abril 5, 2017. No. 2650







Neuroprotección proporcionada por precondicionamiento y postcondicionamiento con isoflurano
Neuroprotection provided by isoflurane pre-conditioning and post-conditioning
Ming Jiang1, Liang Sun1, Dong-xia Feng2, Zheng-quan Yu1, Rong Gao3, Yuan-zhao Sun M.D. 4, Gang Chen M.D., Ph.D.
Medical Gas Research ¦ March ¦ Volume 7 ¦ Issue 1
Isoflurane, a volatile and inhalational anesthetic, has been extensively used in perioperative period for several decades. A large amount of experimental studies have indicated that isoflurane exhibits neuroprotective properties when it is administrated before or after (pre-conditioning and post-conditioning) neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., hypoxic ischemia, stroke and trauma). Multiple mechanisms are involved in isoflurane induced neuroprotection, including activation of glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, antagonism of ionic channels and alteration of the function and activity of other cellular proteins. Although neuroprotection provided by isoflurane is observed in many animal studies, convincing evidence is lacking in human trials. Therefore, there is still a long way to go before translating its neuroprotective properties into clinical practice.

Mecanismos cerebrales de post-condicionamiento hipoxico/isquémico.
Cerebral Mechanisms of Hypoxic/Ischemic Postconditioning.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2017 Mar;82(3):392-400. doi: 10.1134/S000629791703018X.
Abstract
This review analyzes recent data on mechanisms of cerebral hypoxia and the protective methods of hypoxic and ischemic postconditioning, as well as their interrelationship with the key mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. Upregulation of expression of antiapoptotic factors and neurotrophins and modulation of activity of several protein kinases and transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) are considered as the most important aspects in the neuroprotective potential of postconditioning. The presented information indicates substantial transformative promise of the noninvasive techniques of hypoxic postconditioning as well as significant similarity between the adaptive pathways activated by various postconditioning methods, which are far from being fully understood.

Endocannabinoides. Un impacto prometedor para la lesión cerebral traumática.
Endocannabinoids: A Promising Impact for Traumatic Brain Injury.
Front Pharmacol. 2017 Feb 17;8:69. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00069. eCollection 2017.
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system regulates a diverse array of physiological processes and unsurprisingly possesses considerable potential targets for the potential treatment of numerous disease states, including two receptors (i.e., CB1and CB2 receptors) and enzymes regulating their endogenous ligands N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG). Increases in brain levels of endocannabinoids to pathogenic events suggest this system plays a role in compensatory repair mechanisms. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology remains mostly refractory to currently available drugs, perhaps due to its heterogeneous nature in etiology, clinical presentation, and severity. Here, we review pre-clinical studies assessing the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and manipulations of the endocannabinoid system to ameliorate TBI pathology. Specifically, manipulations of endocannabinoid degradative enzymes (e.g., fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and α/β-hydrolase domain-6), CB1and CB2 receptors, and their endogenous ligands have shown promise in modulating cellular and molecular hallmarks of TBI pathology such as; cell death, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular breakdown, and cell structure and remodeling. TBI-induced behavioral deficits, such as learning and memory, neurological motor impairments, post-traumatic convulsions or seizures, and anxiety also respond to manipulations of the endocannabinoid system. As such, the endocannabinoid system possesses potential drugable receptor and enzyme targets for the treatment of diverse TBI pathology. Yet, full characterization of TBI-induced changes in endocannabinoid ligands, enzymes, and receptor populations will be important to understand that role this system plays in TBI pathology. Promising classes of compounds, such as the plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids, as well as their non-cannabinoid receptor targets, such as TRPV1 receptors, represent important areas of basic research and potential therapeutic interest to treat TBI.
KEYWORDS: cannabinoid; endocannabinoid; neuroprotection; phytocannabinoid; traumatic brain injury

Curso sobre Anestesia en Trasplantes, Cirugía abdominal, Plástica, Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología.
Committee for European Education in Anaesthesiology (CEEA) 
y el Colegio de Anestesiólogos de León A.C.
Abril 7-9, 2017, León Guanajuato, México

Informes  (477) 716 06 16, kikinhedz@gmail.com
Vacante para Anestesiología Pediátrica
El Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas de León, Guanajuato México ofrece una base en el departamento de anestesiología 
Informes con la Dra Angélica García Álvarez 
angy.coachanestped@gmail.com o al teléfono 477 101 8700 Ext 1028
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

Para prevenir la artritis reumatoide, mira más allá de las articulaciones a las encías


To Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis, Look Past the Joints to the Gums


Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:
De:
.
2017 Mar 28;317(12):1201-1202. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.0764.
Todos los derechos reservados para:
© 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
The findings, published in Science Translational Medicine late last year, appear to confirm something that’s been suspected for at least a century: In some cases, gum-disease causing oral bacteria may set off a cascade of events that leads to the autoimmune form of arthritis.
Los resultados, publicados en Science Translational Medicine a finales del año pasado, parecen confirmar algo que se sospecha durante al menos un siglo: En algunos casos, la enfermedad de las encías causada por bacterias orales puede desencadenar una cascada de eventos que conduce a la forma autoinmune de la artritis .

martes, 4 de abril de 2017

Prevención y manejo de la artropatía glenohumeral post-inestabilidad


              Prevención y manejo de la artropatía glenohumeral post-inestabilidad » Dr José Carlos Cortés Sandoval                                                             Prevention and management of post-instability glenohumeral arthropathy
Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:
De:
2017 Mar 18;8(3):229-241. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i3.229. eCollection 2017.
Todos los derechos reservados para:
©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

Abstract
Post-instability arthropathy may commonly develop in high-risk patients with a history of recurrent glenohumeral instability, both with and without surgical stabilization. Classically related to anterior shoulder instability, the incidence and rates of arthritic progression may vary widely. Radiographic arthritic changes may be present in up to two-thirds of patients after primary Bankart repair and 30% after Latarjet procedure, with increasing rates associated with recurrent dislocation history, prominent implant position, non-anatomic reconstruction, and/or lateralized bone graft placement. However, the presence radiographic arthrosis does not predict poor patient-reported function. After exhausting conservative measures, both joint-preserving and arthroplasty surgical options may be considered depending on a combination of patient-specific and anatomic factors. Arthroscopic procedures are optimally indicated for individuals with focal disease and may yield superior symptomatic relief when combined with treatment of combined shoulder pathology. For more advanced secondary arthropathy, total shoulder arthroplasty remains the most reliable option, although the clinical outcomes, wear characteristics, and implant survivorship remains a concern among active, young patients.
KEYWORDS:
Arthropathy; Dislocation; Glenohumeral; Instability; Latarjet


Resumen

La artropatía post-inestabilidad puede desarrollarse comúnmente en pacientes de alto riesgo con antecedentes de inestabilidad glenohumeral recurrente, con y sin estabilización quirúrgica. Clásicamente relacionada con la inestabilidad del hombro anterior, la incidencia y las tasas de progresión artrítica pueden variar ampliamente.Los cambios artríticos radiográficos pueden estar presentes en hasta dos tercios de los pacientes después de la reparación primaria de Bankart y 30% después del procedimiento de Latarjet, con tasas crecientes asociadas con historia de luxación recurrente, posición prominente del implante, reconstrucción no anatómica y colocación de injerto óseo lateralizado . Sin embargo, la presencia de artrosis radiográfica no predice la mala función reportada por el paciente. Después de agotar las medidas conservadoras, las opciones quirúrgicas de conservación conjunta y artroplastia pueden ser consideradas dependiendo de una combinación de factores anatómicos y específicos del paciente. Los procedimientos artroscópicos están óptimamente indicados para los individuos con enfermedad focal y pueden producir alivio sintomático superior cuando se combinan con el tratamiento de la patología combinada del hombro. Para la artropatía secundaria más avanzada, la artroplastia total del hombro sigue siendo la opción más confiable, aunque los resultados clínicos, las características de desgaste y la supervivencia de los implantes sigue siendo una preocupación entre los pacientes jóvenes activos.

PALABRAS CLAVE:
Artropatía; Dislocación; Glenohumeral; Inestabilidad; Latarjet
PMID:   28361016   PMCID:  
DOI:  

¿Es la preservación del remanente verdaderamente beneficiosa a la curación de la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior? Evaluaciones clínicas y de resonancia magnética de la reconstrucción con remantes preservados



Is Remnant Preservation Truly Beneficial to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Healing? Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluations of Remnant-Preserved Reconstruction

Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:
De:
2017 Apr;45(5):1049-1058. doi: 10.1177/0363546516682241. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
Todos los derechos reservados para:
Copyright © 2017 by American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Remnant-preserved anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was introduced to improve clinical outcomes and biological healing. However, the effects of remnant preservation and the influence of the delay from injury until reconstruction on the outcomes of this technique are still uncertain. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether remnant preservation improved the clinical outcomes and graft incorporation of ACL reconstruction and to examine the influence of the delay between ACL injury and reconstruction on the usefulness of remnant preservation. We hypothesized that remnant preservation improves clinical results and accelerates graft incorporation and that its effect is dependent on the delay between ACL injury and reconstruction.
CONCLUSION:
Remnant preservation did not improve knee stability at 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, remnant preservation did not accelerate graft incorporation, especially during the acute and subacute injury phases.
KEYWORDS:
MRI; anterior cruciate ligament; double-bundle reconstruction; remnant tissue
Resumen

ANTECEDENTES:

Se introdujo la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (ACL) preservada en el remanente para mejorar los resultados clínicos y la cicatrización biológica. Sin embargo, los efectos de la preservación remanente y la influencia del retraso de la lesión hasta la reconstrucción de los resultados de esta técnica son todavía incierto.Objetivos / Hipótesis: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar si la preservación del remanente mejoró los resultados clínicos y la incorporación del injerto de la reconstrucción del LCA y examinar la influencia del retraso entre la lesión del LCA y la reconstrucción sobre la utilidad de la preservación del remanente. La hipótesis de que la preservación del remanente mejora los resultados clínicos y acelera la incorporación del injerto y que su efecto depende del retraso entre la lesión del LCA y la reconstrucción.

CONCLUSIÓN:
La preservación del remanente no mejoró la estabilidad de la rodilla a los 2 años después de la reconstrucción del LCA. Además, la preservación del remanente no aceleró la incorporación del injerto, especialmente durante las fases de lesión aguda y subaguda.

PALABRAS CLAVE:
MRI; ligamento cruzado anterior; Reconstrucción de doble haz; Tejido remanente
PMID:   28135427   DOI:  

Morfología del ligamento anterolateral de la rodilla: una observación cadaverica con visión clínica

Morphology of Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A Cadaveric Observation with Clinical Insight



Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847860

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099490/

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amed/2016/9182863/



De:

Potu BK1Salem AH1Abu-Hijleh MF2.

Adv Med. 2016;2016:9182863. Epub 2016 Oct 25.



Todos los derechos reservados para:


Author information  Article notes  Copyright and License information 


Abstract

Background. The morphology and function of anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee are not clearly understood even today with all the sophisticated techniques available. There have been differing descriptions of the ALL of the knee in literature, and not all of them have been named or described clearly. Aim. The present study was undertaken to provide a clear structure/relationship description on ALL. Materials and Methods. We used 24 formalin-fixed cadaveric limbs. Knee regions of the all the limbs were neatly dissected and the ALL was exposed. Its proximal and distal attachments were traced carefully. Middle portion of ALL was removed and processed for histological analysis. Results. ALL was found in one right knee (4.16%). It extended distally from the lateral femoral condyle to the lateral tibial plateau margin. Its attachment on the tibial plateau was located between head of the fibula and Gerdy’s tubercle. A strong connection was identified between the ALL and the periphery of the middle third of the lateral meniscus. Histological analysis of ALL confirmed the presence of true ligamentous structure in it with dense connective tissue and plenty of fibroblasts. Conclusion. The prevalence of ALL in different populations along with its clinical significance has been discussed in detail in this paper.

Resumen
Antecedentes
La morfología y la función del ligamento anterolateral (ALL) de la rodilla no se conocen claramente aún hoy en día con todas las técnicas sofisticadas disponibles.Ha habido diferentes descripciones de TODA la rodilla en la literatura, y no todos ellos han sido nombrados o descritos claramente. 

Objetivo. 
El presente estudio se realizó para proporcionar una estructura clara / descripción de la relación en ALL. Materiales y métodos. Utilizamos 24 extremidades de cadáver fijadas con formalina. Las regiones de rodilla de todas las extremidades se disecaron cuidadosamente y se expuso la ALL.Sus conexiones proximal y distal fueron trazadas cuidadosamente. La porción media de ALL se eliminó y se procesó para análisis histológico. 

Resultados. 
Se encontró ALL en una rodilla derecha (4,16%). Se extiende distalmente desde el cóndilo femoral lateral hasta el borde lateral de la meseta tibial. Su fijación en la meseta tibial estaba situada entre la cabeza del peroné y el tubérculo de Gerdy. Se identificó una fuerte conexión entre la ALL y la periferia del tercio medio del menisco lateral. El análisis histológico de ALL confirmó la presencia de estructura ligamentosa verdadera en ella con tejido conectivo denso y un montón de fibroblastos. 

Conclusión. 
La prevalencia de ALL en diferentes poblaciones, junto con su significado clínico se ha discutido en detalle en este artículo.

PMID:   27847860   PMCID:  PMC5099490   DOI:   10.1155/2016/9182863