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sábado, 4 de junio de 2011

Bloqueo del nervio axilar guiado por ultrasonido: un estudio voluntario de un nuevo método


Bloqueo del nervio axilar guiado por ultrasonido: un estudio voluntario de un nuevo método.
Ultrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve: a volunteer study of a new method
C. ROTHE, S. ASGHAR, H. L. ANDERSEN,  J. K. CHRISTENSEN, K. H. W. LANGE
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Volume 55, Issue 5, pages 565-570, May 2011

Background: Interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB) is the gold standard for perioperative pain management in shoulder surgery. However, a more distal technique would be desirable to avoid the side effects and potential serious complications of IBPB. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and describe a new method to perform an ultrasound-guided specific axillary nerve block. Methods: After initial investigations, 12 healthy volunteers were included. We performed an in-line ultrasound-guided specific axillary nerve block by injecting 8 ml local anesthetic (lidocaine 20 mg/ml) after placing the tip of a nerve stimulation needle cranial to the posterior circumflex humeral artery in the neurovascular space bordered by the teres minor muscle, the deltoid muscle, the triceps muscle and the shaft of the humerus. Needle placement was aided by simultaneous nerve stimulation. We assessed sensory (pinprick and cold stimulation) and motor (active resistive force) block of the axillary nerve before, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after performing the block and every 30 min until termination of the block. Results: All 12 volunteers demonstrated sensory block of the axillary nerve and 10 volunteers demonstrated complete motor block. Even though it was difficult to directly visualize the axillary nerve, the block was easy to perform with easily recognizable ultrasonographic landmarks. Block duration was approximately 120 min. Conclusions: We describe a new ultrasound-guided technique to specifically block the axillary nerve. The potential clinical role of this new block remains to be determined.

Diferentes curvas de aprendizaje para bloqueo braquial axilar: guía con ultrasonido vs. estimulación nerviosa
Different Learning Curves for Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: Ultrasound Guidance versus Nerve Stimulation.
Luyet C, Schüpfer G, Wipfli M, Greif R, Luginbühl M, Eichenberger U.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital and University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2010;2010:309462. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
Abstract
Little is known about the learning of the skills needed to perform ultrasound- or nerve stimulator-guided peripheral nerve blocks. The aim of this study was to compare the learning curves of residents trained in ultrasound guidance versus residents trained in nerve stimulation for axillary brachial plexus block. Ten residents with no previous experience with using ultrasound received ultrasound training and another ten residents with no previous experience with using nerve stimulation received nerve stimulation training. The novices' learning curves were generated by retrospective data analysis out of our electronic anaesthesia database. Individual success rates were pooled, and the institutional learning curve was calculated using a bootstrapping technique in combination with a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. The skills required to perform successful ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block can be learnt faster and lead to a higher final success rate compared to nerve stimulator-guided axillary brachial plexus block.


Comparación entre estimulador nervioso y ultrasonido como técnicas para anestesia del plexo braquial
Comparision of nerve stimulator and ultrasonography as the techniques applied for brachial plexus anesthesia.
Zencirci B.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Kahramanmaras, Turkey.bzencirci@fastmail.fm.
Int Arch Med. 2011 Jan 21;4(1):4.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus block is useful for upper extremity surgery, and many techniques are available. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of axillary brachial plexus block using an ultrasound technique to the peripheral nerve stimulation technique. METHODS: 60 patients scheduled for surgery of the forearm or hand were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30 per group). For Group 1; US, and for Group 2 PNS was applied. The quality and the onset of the sensorial and motor blockade were assessed. The sensorial blockade, motor blockade time and quality of blockade were compared among the cases. RESULTS: The time needed to perform the axillary brachial plexus block averaged is similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Although not significant statistically, it was observed that the sensory block had formed earlier in Group 1 (p > 0.05). But the degree of motor blockade was intenser in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound offers a new possibility for identifiying the nerves of the brachial plexus for regional anesthesia. The ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block is a safe method with faster onset time and better quality of motor blockade compared to peripheral nerve stimulation technique

Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor
Publicado por Bibliomanazteca en 21:40 0 comentarios
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potasio


HipoK - HiperK
Introducción
El contenido corporal total de potasio (K) oscila entre 3.000 y 4.000 mEq (50-55 mEq/kg de peso). Es un ion de distribución primordialmente intracelular que se localiza en un 98% en el interior de la célula. Esto conlleva una disparidad en sus concentraciones, siendo de 140 mEq/l en el líquido intracelular y de 4-4,5 mEq/l en el líquido extracelular. La diferencia de concentraciones es mantenida por la acción de la bomba ATPasa Na-K de la membrana celular, que actúa extrayendo sodio (Na) e introduciendo K en la célula. Por otro lado, esta diferencia es el principal determinante del potencial de reposo de la membrana celular. Por esto, las alteraciones de la concentración plasmática de K van a traducirse en alteraciones de este potencial, afectando fundamentalmente a células musculares (incluidas cardiacas) y neurológicas
Publicado por Bibliomanazteca en 21:34 0 comentarios
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El Víctor Ravens Diario Sábado, Jun. 04, 2011


El Victor Ravens Diario

un periódico por Victor Ravens – 116 contribuidores hoy en Twitter

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un periódico 
Publicado por Bibliomanazteca en 21:32 0 comentarios
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