viernes, 20 de mayo de 2011

Book Review


Book News and Reviews
Erik Larson
Benjamin Benschneider
Erik Larson
BOOKS OF THE TIMES

‘In the Garden of Beasts’

A Berlin post in the 1930s was no plum, but William E. Dodd accepted the role of ambassador to Germany, and he and his family offer a glimpse into life as Hitler rose to power.

At Home on the Farm and in E-Books

Susan Orlean’s new book, a long essay called “Animalish,” about her love of animals, was written for Amazon’s Kindle Singles collection.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Teju Cole

‘Open City’

Teju Cole’s first novel follows a lugubrious narrator as he wanders around New York.

Newly Released Books

This month’s new releases include Will Allison’s “Long Drive Home,” Mark Watson’s “Eleven,” Danzy Senna’s “You Are Free,” Marcelo Figueras’s “Kamchatka” and Anna Gavalda’s “French Leave.”
CHILDREN’S BOOKS

Bedtime Books for Boys

Three new picture books lull children to sleep with a construction site going to bed, a boy in search of his lost bedtime bunny and the story of a little bear’s day told backwards.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Jon-Jon Goulian, author of “The Man in the Gray Flannel Skirt.”

‘The Man in the Gray Flannel Skirt’

A loquacious, high-strung, daft and vaguely sad new memoir by Jon-Jon Goulian, a grandson of Sidney Hook’s.
EXHIBITION REVIEW
A Gutenberg bible on display as part of the New York Public Library's 100th anniversary exhibition.

Oh, the Stuff Those Lions Guard

In “Celebrating 100 Years,” the New York Public Library shows its populist side in a millennium’s worth of artifacts.
Sugar Ray Leonard in 1979.

In Book, Sugar Ray Leonard Says Coach Sexually Abused Him

In his forthcoming autobiography, Sugar Ray Leonard says he was sexually abused by “a prominent Olympic boxing coach” as a young boxer.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Jon Ronson

The Psychopath Test

In “The Psychopath Test,” Jon Ronson takes his mistrust of psychiatry along on his expeditions, visiting people everywhere from prisons to the corridors of power.

Celebrity Memoirs

In their new memoirs, Shirley MacLaine and Rob Lowe treat the reader like a friend while making it clear that noncelebrities can never really understand the strangeness of celebrity life.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES
Annie Jacobsen

‘Area 51’

Annie Jacobsen’s exhaustively researched book asserts that its title subject was a cold war site, not a home to little green men.
BOOKS OF THE TIMES

‘Electric Eden’

Rob Young’s new book explores folk music during the 1960s and early ’70s in Britain.

At Google, the Book Tour Becomes Big Business

Many authors may be concerned over Google’s plan to make their books available free online, but a number of them are happy to promote their work at the company’s speakers series.
CHILDREN’S BOOKS

Picture Books About Family Photography

“Grandma’s Wedding Album” depicts an album within a book; “A Photo for Greta” is about a bunny whose father is a photographer.
Sunday Book Review

‘To End All Wars’

Members of the Women’s Peace Party arriving in the Netherlands from America in April 1915 for the International Congress of Women, a four-day antiwar protest held at The Hague.
Corbis (1915)
Members of the Women’s Peace Party arriving in the Netherlands from America in April 1915 for the International Congress of Women, a four-day antiwar protest held at The Hague.
Adam Hochschild’s stirring account of World War I concentrates on appalling losses in the ranks and the courage of dissenters.
The easy part: Kissinger, Nixon, John H. Holdridge of the National Security Council and Prime Minister Zhou Enlai in 1972.

‘On China’

China and America are mutually dependent economic giants, Henry Kissinger argues, but they need a design of partnership.
Stanley Ann Dunham with her son.

‘A Singular Woman’

This biography of Barack Obama’s mother presents a more complex picture than the president offered in his own books.
A protestor in Washington on Sept. 11, 2007.

‘Among the Truthers’

A journalist travels the world of conspiracy theories, about everything from President Obama’s birthplace to 9/11 to vaccines.
A Mary Delany collage of a Magnolia grandiflora.

‘The Paper Garden’

A biography of an 18th-century widow who, in her 70s, invented a new way to depict flowers.

‘Caleb’s Crossing’

In Geraldine Brooks’s historical novel, a missionary’s daughter forms a bond with a scholarly Indian.

‘The Sly Company of People Who Care’

The narrator of this novel journeys into Guyana’s interior to seek answers about the country’s past.

‘What’s Gotten Into Us?: Staying Healthy in a Toxic World’

An effort to come to terms with the unknown consequences that synthetic chemicals may hold for consumers.
Edna O'Brien

‘Saints and Sinners: Stories’

Some of the restless, searching people in Edna O’Brien’s stories confront political violence, others reflect on disappointing loves.
Lincoln Steffens, circa 1920.

‘I Have Seen the Future’

This biography of Lincoln Steffens traces the convictions and delusions of one of the original “muckrakers.”
Bernard Madoff entering court, 2009.

‘The Wizard of Lies’

A Times journalist explains how Bernard Madoff pulled off history’s greatest Ponzi scheme, and how he got away with it for so long.
Gilbert Gottfried

‘Rubber Balls and Liquor’

The sometimes controversial comedian Gilbert Gottfried looks back on the performances that brought him attention.
Children’s Books Special Section
Illustration by Elwood H. Smith
Jane Goodall living among the chimpanzees in “The Watcher.”

Picture Books About Jane Goodall

A pair of biographies connect a pre-eminent primatologist’s lifelong work to her childhood fascinations.

‘Divergent’

In Veronica Roth’s first novel, an urban dystopia is divided into five factions, each guided by a particular virtue.

‘Okay for Now’

Gary D. Schmidt tells a tale of an eighth grader’s healing and discovery through art.

‘Noah Barleywater Runs Away’

When an 8-year-old boy gets fed up and leaves home, he meets some strange characters.

‘Beauty Queens’

Beauty pageant contestants crash on an island, and defy expectations.
Dylan playing for Guthrie in “When Bob Met Woody.”

Picture Books About Folk Music

In these two picture books, an appreciation of folk music is passed from generation to generation.

‘Abandon’

In this supernatural romance inspired by the myth of Persephone, a girl flirts with a death deity.

Novels About Abusive Relationships

Two young adult novels explore abusive dating relationships.

‘Babymouse: Mad Scientist’ and ‘Squish’

A science project in the “Babymouse” graphic novel series takes on a life of its own in “Squish: Super Amoeba.”

‘Fallen Grace’

A Victorian orphan goes in search of her missing sister in Mary Hooper’s historical novel.

‘Ruby Red’

In this novel, a London schoolgirl inherits a time-travel gene.

En este día...


ON THIS DAY

On This Day: May 20

On May 20, 1961, a white mob attacked a busload of "Freedom Riders" in Montgomery, Ala., prompting the federal government to send in United States marshals to restore order.
On May 20, 1908, James Stewart, the American movie actor, was born. Following his death on July 2, 1997, his obituary appeared in The Times.

On This Date

1861North Carolina voted to secede from the Union.
1861The capital of the Confederacy was moved from Montgomery, Ala., to Richmond, Va.
1902The United States ended its occupation of Cuba.
1927Charles Lindbergh took off for Paris from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, N.Y., aboard the Spirit of St. Louis on the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
1932Amelia Earhart took off from Newfoundland for Ireland to become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
1939Regular trans-Atlantic air service began as a Pan American Airways plane took off from Port Washington, N.Y., bound for Europe.
1969U.S. and South Vietnamese forces captured Apbia Mountain, referred to as Hamburger Hill by the Americans, following one of the bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War.
1971The album "What's Going On" by Marvin Gaye was released.
1989Comedian Gilda Radner died of cancer at age 42.
1993The final first-run episode of "Cheers" aired on NBC.
1995President Bill Clinton announced that the two-block stretch of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House would be permanently closed to traffic as a security measure.
1996The Supreme Court struck down a Colorado measure banning laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination.
2002East Timor became an independent nation.
2006The FBI searched the Capitol Hill office of Rep. William Jefferson, D-La., as part of a bribery investigation. (Jefferson was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 13 years in prison. He is free on appeal.)
2006San Francisco Giants slugger Barry Bonds tied Babe Ruth for second place on the career list with his 714th home run.
2008Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., was diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumor. (He died in 2009.)
2009A commission published a damning report on decades of rapes, humiliation and beatings at Catholic Church-run reform schools in Ireland.
2009Suspended NFL star Michael Vick was released after 19 months in prison for running a dogfighting ring.
2010Under pressure following security lapses, retired Navy Adm. Dennis Blair resigned as national intelligence director.

Current Birthdays

Cher, Singer, actress
Singer-actress Cher turns 65 years old years old today.
AP Photo/Peter Kramer
Matt Czuchry, Actor (“The Good Wife”)
Actor Matt Czuchry ("The Good Wife") turns 34 years old today.
AP Photo/Evan Agostini
1927Bud Grant, Hall of Fame football coach, turns 84
1944Joe Cocker, Rock singer, turns 67
1949Dave Thomas, Actor, comedian (SCTV), turns 62
1951Michael Crapo, U.S. senator, R-Idaho, turns 60
1954David Paterson, Former governor of New York, turns 57
1958Ron Reagan, Son of former President Ronald Reagan, turns 53
1959Bronson Pinchot, Actor, turns 52
1961Nick Heyward, Rock singer (Haircut 100), turns 50
1963David Wells, Baseball player, turns 48
1966Mindy Cohn, Actress ("The Facts of Life"), turns 45
1968Timothy Olyphant, Actor ("Deadwood"), turns 43
1972Busta Rhymes, Rapper, turns 39

Historic Birthdays

81Dolley Madison 5/20/1768 - 7/12/1849
American wife of President James Madison
51Honore de Balzac 5/20/1799 - 8/18/1850
French novelist and short-story writer
66John Stuart Mill 5/20/1806 - 5/8/1873
English philosopher
63William George Fargo 5/20/1818 - 8/3/1881
American businessman; co-founded Wells, Fargo & Company
48Madeline Breckinridge 5/20/1872 - 11/25/1920
American social reformer
85John Jacob Astor 5/20/1886 - 7/19/1971
English journalist and chief proprietor of The London Times (1922-66)
82Earl Browder 5/20/1891 - 6/27/1973
American Communist Party leader (1930-44)
94Adela Rogers Saint Johns 5/20/1894 - 8/10/1988
American journalist, novelist and screenwriter
42R. J. Mitchell 5/20/1895 - 6/11/1937
English aircraft designer; developed the Spitfire fighter plane
72John Marshall Harlan 5/20/1899 - 12/29/1971
American Supreme Court justice (1955-71)
66Moshe Dayan 5/20/1915 - 10/16/1981
Israeli soldier and statesman

Dónde queda el infierno


Dónde queda el infierno

En estas lecciones de juventud, Galileo busca desentrañar el submundo imaginado por Dante

Viernes 20 de mayo de 2011 | Publicado en edición impresa
Dos lecciones infernales 
Por Galileo Galilei 
La Compañía
Trad.: Matías Alinovi
120 páginas
$ 52

Contra dos mil años de tradición de geocentrismo, Galileo tomó partido a favor de Copérnico y de su teoría heliocéntrica. Convencido del movimiento de la Tierra alrededor del Sol, dedicó su vida a elaborar una física compatible con este movimiento y fue el primer ser humano que buscó pruebas astronómicas mediante observaciones sistemáticas del cielo con un telescopio. El matemático y físico pisano murió en 1642, casi ciego, condenado por sus ideas. Dos siglos más tarde, su figura era infinita. Historiadores, filósofos y dramaturgos lo transformaron en ícono de la revolución científica y le confirieron dimensión de héroe trágico.
Ahora bien, Galileo fue un hombre. Como tal, no nació -no pudo haber nacido- copernicano. Educado en la Universidad de Pisa, aprendió lo que le enseñaron: a pensar el cosmos con la Tierra inmóvil en el centro del universo. En su Tratado sobre la esfera (1585), que publicó a los 21 años, su geocentrismo es convencional y Copérnico no aparece mencionado. Se cree que utilizó este texto durante el período en que fue profesor en Pisa (1589-1592) y durante los primeros años como profesor en la Universidad de Padua (1592-1610). En su obra De motu (1591-1592), comenta Stillman Drake, Galileo menciona a Copérnico, pero aún no se muestra convencido por su astronomía. Según William Shea, el copernicanismo de Galileo aparece en escena en 1597, en una carta a su amigo Jacopo Mazzoni.
Las Dos lecciones infernales , presentadas en 1588, fueron compuestas por este "primer" Galileo a pedido de la Academia Florentina, como parte de una tradición de estudios "científicos" sobre la ubicación, forma y tamaño del infierno que Dante concibió para la Divina Comedia . En un "Posfacio" que pone en contexto estos escritos, Matías Alinovi -físico, escritor de ficción y periodista científico argentino- cuenta que, en 1544, en la edición de la Comedia editada por Alessandro Vellutello, el prólogo se dedica a descalificar las especulaciones que sobre el infierno de Dante había publicado un miembro de la Academia Florentina, Antonio Manetti. "Tenaces en el rencor", comenta Alinovi, los académicos convocaron "al joven matemático Galileo para que con la precisión de sus cálculos y las sutilezas de sus argumentaciones los vengara públicamente de la injuria". Esta distinción inesperada ponía en evidencia la alta estima ganada por sus habilidades literarias y matemáticas.
Además de presentar los cálculos necesarios para reivindicar el honor de la Academia, promete Galileo, "narraremos brevemente todo el viaje de Dante a través del infierno, y al hacerlo señalaremos algunas particularidades, útiles al perfecto conocimiento de este sitio". El resultado es un viaje por los círculos del infierno guiados, no por Virgilio, sino por un Galileo de 24 años, que si aún no es el héroe de la razón moderna, ya es un diestro geómetra capaz de poner medida a la intrincada topografía de cavernas, cuestas y desembocaduras, de medir el ancho del río Aqueronte, la extensión del Limbo y la altura de la pendiente que separa el círculo de los golosos del de los lujuriosos, o de aplicar una regla de tres simple para calcular las dimensiones del propio Lucifer.
En sus Estudios galileanos (1939), el historiador Alexandre Koyré argumentó que entre los grandes logros de Galileo se cuentan el haber transformado el espacio físico en un espacio euclídeo y en haber geometrizado el tiempo, ambos pasos decisivos para el proceso de matematización de la naturaleza que se pone en marcha en el siglo XVII. Desde esta perspectiva, las Dos lecciones infernales son el lugar de encuentro del cosmos medieval con el heredero de Arquímedes, aquel que pocos años más tarde aportará argumentos decisivos para su demolición.
Si bien para un ciudadano culto de la Italia de fines del siglo XVI estas lecciones abordaban un problema perentorio sobre la estructura del mundo, el cambio de cosmovisión -el paso del cosmos geocéntrico a un universo heliocéntrico- resignificó esta obra como un primer capítulo de la historia de la razón moderna, cargado de connotaciones simbólicas y raíces oníricas.
Al final de la segunda lección, finalizados los cálculos y los últimos versos de la Divina comedia , Galileo declara que "toda la doctísima Academia Florentina, con la que por muchas causas me siento obligadísimo" ha sido finalmente vengada "de las falsas calumnias recibidas".
Diego Hurtado

jueves, 19 de mayo de 2011

Reasonable Suspicion of Child Abuse: Finding a Common Language

Possible transmission of HIV Infection due to human bite


Possible transmission of HIV Infection due to human bite


Medicina fetal

Marcando las señales de los astrocitos para el dolor crónico.


Marcando las señales de los astrocitos para el dolor crónico.
Targeting astrocyte signaling for chronic pain.
Gao YJ, Ji RR.
Source
Department of Anesthesiology, Sensory Plasticity Laboratory, Pain Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. yjing@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu
Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Oct;7(4):482-93.
Abstract
Clinical management of chronic pain after nerve injury (neuropathic pain) and tumor invasion (cancer pain) is a real challenge due to our limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms that initiate and maintain chronic pain. It has been increasingly recognized that glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes in the CNS play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Notably, astrocytes make very close contacts with synapses and astrocyte reaction after nerve injury, arthritis, and tumor growth is more persistent than microglial reaction, and displays a better correlation with chronic pain behaviors. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated astrocytes can release pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1β) and chemokines (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]/also called CCL2) in the spinal cord to enhance and prolong persistent pain states. IL-1β can powerfully modulate synaptic transmission in the spinal cord by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission and suppressing inhibitory synaptic transmission. IL-1β activation (cleavage) in the spinal cord after nerve injury requires the matrix metalloprotease-2. In particular, nerve injury and inflammation activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase in spinal astrocytes, leading to a substantial increase in the expression and release of MCP-1. The MCP-1 increases pain sensitivity via direct activation of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of the IL-1β, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, MCP-1, or matrix metalloprotease-2 signaling via spinal administration has been shown to attenuate inflammatory, neuropathic, or cancer pain. Therefore, interventions in specific signaling pathways in astrocytes may offer new approaches for the management of chronic pain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950097/pdf/nihms-213544.pdf  
Atentamente
Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor