Vaccines for the twenty-first century society

Perspectives

Nature Reviews Immunology 11, 865-872 (December 2011) | doi:10.1038/nri3085

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY:Vaccines for the twenty-first century society

Rino Rappuoli¹, Christian W. Mandl², Steven Black³ & Ennio De Gregorio¹  About the authors

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Abstract

Vaccines have been one of the major revolutions in the history of mankind and, during the twentieth century, they eliminated most of the childhood diseases that used to cause millions of deaths. In the twenty-first century, vaccines will also play a major part in safeguarding people's health. Supported by the innovations derived from new technologies, vaccines will address the new needs of a twenty-first century society characterized by increased life expectancy, emerging infections and poverty in low-income countries.

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Author affiliations

1. Rino Rappuoli and Ennio De Gregorio are at the Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics Srl, Via Fiorentina 5, 53100 Siena, Italy.
2. Christian W. Mandl is at the Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics Inc., 45 Sydney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
3. Steven Black is at the Center for Global Health, University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.

Correspondence to: Rino Rappuoli¹ Email: rino.rappuoli@novartis.com

Published online 4 November 2011